Deuteration in Biological Neutron Reflectometry.

abstract：:Site-specific protein labeling can be used to monitor protein motions and interactions in real time using Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). While there are many fluorophores available for protein labeling, few FRET pairs are suitable for monitoring intramolecular protein motions without being disruptive to pro...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Jones CM,Venkatesh Y,Petersson EJ

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Scanning fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (sFCS) is the generic term for a group of fluorescence correlation techniques where the measurement volume is moved across the sample in a defined way. The introduction of scanning is motivated by its ability to alleviate or remove several distinct problems often encounte...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Petrásek Z,Ries J,Schwille P

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to examine gene regulation in living cells has been greatly enabled by the development of chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) methodology. ChIP captures a snapshot of protein-DNA interactions in vivo and has been used to study interactions in bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cell culture. ChIP conditions va...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Davis SE,Mooney RA,Kanin EI,Grass J,Landick R,Ansari AZ

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Accurate diagnosis of attentional disorders such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is imperative because there are multiple negative psychosocial sequelae related to undiagnosed and untreated ADHD. Early and accurate detection can lead to effective intervention and prevention of negative sequelae. Unf...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Robeva R,Penberthy JK

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The steady technical advances of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) over the past decades enabled a significant increase in the molecular size of protein particles that can be subjected to a structural and functional characterization in solution. The larger molecular weight of such proteins is accompanied with an increa...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Michel E,Allain FH

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vertebrate odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) are small soluble proteins abundantly secreted in the olfactory mucus of many animal species, including humans. Vertebrate OBPs reversibly bind odorant molecules with micromolar range affinities. Although their physiological role is not clearly understood, OBPs are proposed t...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Brulé M,Glaz M,Belloir C,Poirier N,Moitrier L,Neiers F,Briand L

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cellular signaling and regulatory cascades often rely on post-translational modification of proteins, particularly phosphorylation, to quickly and effectively relay signals from a variety of inputs. Numerous kinases, the effectors of phosphorylation, and kinase networks have been implicated in human diseases. Until re...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Mohler K,Rinehart J

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For mRNAs encoding secretory and integral membrane proteins, translation initiation is thought to begin a process of mRNA localization where mRNA/ribosome/nascent chain complexes (RNCs) are trafficked from the cytosol compartment to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). At the ER membrane, RNCs bind to a protein-conducting ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Stephens SB,Nicchitta CV

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the brain and are a crucial part of solving its mysteries. Originally assumed to be passive supporting cells, astrocyte's functions are now recognized to include active modulation and information processing at the neural synapse. The full extent of the astrocyte contributi...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Preston AN,Cervasio DA,Laughlin ST

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An optimal tool to unravel the role of a specific player within a cellular network or process requires its spatiotemporally resolved perturbation. Chemically induced dimerization (CID) by the rapamycin system has proven useful to induce protein dimerization or translocation with high spatiotemporal precision. Recently...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Schifferer M,Feng S,Stein F,Schultz C

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Apical caspases 8, 9, and 10 are only active as dimers. These dimers are unstable, and to characterize their activity they need to be maintained in vitro in a dimeric state. We provide updated methods for those looking to characterize various aspects of caspase function. We describe full methods for those looking to a...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Mace PD,Riedl SJ,Salvesen GS

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Crystallographic studies on flavodiiron proteins (FDPs) have revealed that the common sequence core ( approximately 400 residues) that defines this protein family comprises two structural domains. The N-terminal domain (of approximately 250 residues) displays a metallo-beta-lactamase-like-fold, being indeed structural...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Vicente JB,Carrondo MA,Teixeira M,Frazão C

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:External murine ears collected postmortem, as well as ear punches obtained during standard marking of live animals, are the source of mesenchymal stem cells, termed ear mesenchymal stem cells (EMSC). These cells provide an easily obtainable, primary culture model system for the study of lineage commitment and differen...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Gawronska-Kozak B

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Use of fluorescence in biology and biochemistry for imaging and characterizing equilibrium and dynamic processes is growing exponentially. Much progress has been made in the last few years on the microscopic understanding of the underlying principles of what controls the wavelength and quenching of fluorescence in bio...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Callis PR

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antimicrosomal antibodies in inflammatory liver diseases all seem to be directed against members of the cytochrome P450 family of proteins. These autoantigens seem to be genetically polymorphic, the autoantibodies are inhibitory, and the autoepitopes are generally conserved among species. Anti-P450 autoantibodies shar...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Manns MP,Johnson EF

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins perform crucial roles in regulating the biology of the cell. PTMs are enzymatic, covalent chemical modifications of proteins that typically occur after the translation of mRNAs. These modifications are relevant because they can potentially change a protein's physical ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Farley AR,Link AJ

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Approximately one-third of all newly translated polypeptides interact with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), an event that is essential to target these nascent proteins to distinct compartments within the cell or to the extracellular milieu. Thus, the ER houses molecular chaperones that augment the folding of this diver...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Brodsky JL

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This chapter outlines methods that can be applied to determine the levels of lipids in cells and tissues. In particular, the methods focus upon the extraction and analysis of those lipids critical for monitoring signal transduction pathways. The methods address the analysis of the phosphoinositides, the lipid agonists...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Wakelam MJ,Pettitt TR,Postle AD

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxidized phospholipids play an important role in execution of the mitochondrial stage of apoptosis and clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages. Therefore, the identification and quantification of oxidized phospholipids generated during apoptosis are very important. These can be achieved successfully by a newly dev...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Tyurin VA,Tyurina YY,Kochanek PM,Hamilton R,DeKosky ST,Greenberger JS,Bayir H,Kagan VE

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:IF-liposomes are formed by a unique process that involves fusing small liposomes into interdigitated lipid sheets, using either ethanol or hydrostatic pressure. The interdigitation-fusion method requires liposome formulations with lipids that form the L beta I phase. Preparing ethanol-induced IF-liposomes is simple an...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Ahl PL,Perkins WR

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We describe methods for expressing and isolating formin proteins from a wide range of species and comparing quantitatively their effects on actin assembly. We first developed these procedures for purification of S. cerevisiae formins Bni1 and Bnr1 but have extended them to mammalian formins, including mouse mDia1 and ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Moseley JB,Maiti S,Goode BL

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies using sulfotransferase-deficient mice have revealed various physiological functions of sulfated glycans. Studies using gene-targeted mice deficient in both N-acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferase (GlcNAc6ST)-1 and GlcNAc6ST-2 showed that these sulfotransferases play critical roles in lymphocyte homing....

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Kawashima H

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Superoxide dismutases (SODs; EC 1.15.1.1) are a group of metalloenzymes which are essential to protect cells under aerobic conditions. In biological systems, it has been reported that SODs and other proteins are susceptible to be attacked by peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) which can be originated from the reaction of nitric o...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Larrainzar E,Urarte E,Auzmendi I,Ariz I,Arrese-Igor C,González EM,Moran JF

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The analysis of a reaction pathway by stopped-flow and chemical quench-flow methods provides the only means of directly measuring the rates of reaction at the active site of an enzyme. The interpretation of data from each technique is similar and involves solution of the differential equations describing the approach ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Johnson KA

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genome sequencing projects have provided the substrate for an unimaginable number of biological experiments. Further, genomic technologies such as microarrays and quantitative and exquisitely sensitive techniques such as real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction have made it possible to reliably generate millio...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Scheele C,Larsson O,Timmons JA

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nucleic acid aptamers find widespread use as targeting and sensing agents in nature and biotechnology. Their ability to bind an extensive range of molecular targets, including small molecules, proteins, and ions, with high affinity and specificity enables their use in diverse diagnostic, therapeutic, imaging, and gene...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Chang AL,McKeague M,Smolke CD

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cholestatic syndromes are inborn or acquired disorders of bile formation. In recent years, several inherited cholestatic syndromes were characterized at the molecular level: progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) and benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis (BRIC). Both PFIC and BRIC were divided phenot...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Kubitz R,Keitel V,Häussinger D

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Circadian rhythms generated by cell autonomous biological clocks allow for the appropriate temporal synchronization of physiology and behavior, optimizing the efficiency of biological systems. Circadian oscillators and functions have been uncovered in both central and peripheral tissues. This article describes methodo...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Rudic RD,Curtis AM,Cheng Y,FitzGerald G

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The kinetics of biomolecular systems can be quantified by calculating the stochastic rate constants that govern the biomolecular state vs time trajectories (i.e., state trajectories) of individual biomolecules. To do so, the experimental signal vs time trajectories (i.e., signal trajectories) obtained from observing i...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Kinz-Thompson CD,Bailey NA,Gonzalez RL Jr

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Concomitant with the rapid development in biomedical knowledge, including the methods of molecular biology and proteomics, and the manufacture of ever more precise optical instruments, powerful lasers, and sophisticated microcomputing hardware and software, laser microdissection systems have emerged which are now ente...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Willenberg HS,Walters R,Bornstein SR

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00