Blunt rectal trauma Case report and literature review.

Abstract:

:Blunt colorectal traumas are rare clinical entities with a challenging diagnostic and operative management. We describe the case of a 40-year-old man, victim of an accidental fall from a height of four meters who was subsequently diagnosed to have a blunt rectal trauma. A first CT scan showed fracture of the skull and an extensive subcutaneous haematoma of the lower back associated with a fracture of the left transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae. No other visceral abdominal lesions were recognized and patient was admitted to our department for observational studies. After 48 hours from admission the patient presented a subcutaneous emphysema suspicious for hollow viscus injuries. A digital rectal examination detected a laceration both of the posterior rectal wall and the superior anal margin. The patient was successfully managed with spur colostomy, transanal evacuation of the retroperitoneal haematoma and primary repair of both the sphincteric muscle and the rectal wall. As soon as the patient achieved full recovery we performed a reversal colostomy. Diagnosis and management of rectal blunt trauma is still a matter of debate and no definitive recommendation treatments are available. The surgical treatment should be tailored on patient medical conditions and clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicious because a delay in diagnosis can result in higher morbidity and mortality rate. KEY WORDS:Colorectal blunt injury, Colostomy, Laparoscopy, Trauma. :Riportiamo il caso clinico di un paziente maschio di 40 anni vittima di una trauma da precipitazione condizionante una lesione contusiva del retto. Il paziente è stato sottoposto ad una riparazione primaria dello sfintere e della parete rettale posteriore, associata a confezionamento di una colostomia temporanea per via laparoscopica. Il paziente è stato in seguito sottoposto ad intervento sequenziale di ricanalizzazione dopo che gli accertamenti preoperatori non hanno evidenziato la presenza di sequele funzionali. In ambiente civile l’incidenza globale delle lesioni contusive del colon-retto oscilla tra lo 0,1-0,5%. Nonostante la rarità di questa condizione, le lesioni contusive del retto sono associate ad elevata morbilità e mortalità e la corretta gestione clinica e chirurgica è ancora dibattuta. Le lesioni contusive traumatiche di un viscere cavo possono essere difficili da diagnosticare, soprattutto nei pazienti acuti. Nonostante attualmente non siano disponibili dati solidi sul trauma rettale, in letteratura medica, molti autori concordano sul fatto che la gestione delle lesioni traumatiche del retto dipenda dalla localizzazione anatomica (intraperitoneale vs extraperitoneale), dalla complessità del danno (distruttivo vs non distruttivo) e dalle condizioni del paziente. Nel nostro caso, abbiamo deciso di eseguire una colostomia terminale per diversione fecale, tramite approccio laparoscopico, ed un’evacuazione transanale dell'ematoma retroperitoneale associate a una riparazione primaria del muscolo sfintere e della parete rettale. Il trauma rettale contusivo è un'entità clinica rara con un’impegnativa gestione diagnostica e operativa. I medici dovrebbero mantenere un alto indice di sospetto, perché un ritardo nella diagnosi può portare a maggiore morbilità e mortalità.

journal_name

Ann Ital Chir

authors

Marini M,Fratus G,D'Amore P,Tagliabue F,Mariani P,Spinelli L,Novellino L

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-12-20 00:00:00

eissn

0003-469X

issn

2239-253X

pii

S2239253X16025445

journal_volume

5

pub_type

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