Surgical management of acute diverticulitis. An update based on our experience and literature data.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:The treatment of acute diverticulitis is a matter of debate and has undergone significant changes. Currently the main focus of surgical treatment is a more conservative and less invasive management. AIMS AND METHODS:To focus the role of surgery in the treatment of acute diverticulitis, the Authors have conducted a review of the literature of the last two decades and have revised critically their own experience. RESULTS:The indications for elective surgery based on the number of episodes, the young age at diagnosis and the presence of risk factors such as immunosuppression, have to be overcome in favour of a more individual approach based on the severity of the disease. Similarly the presence of pneumoperitoneum is no longer a compelling indication for urgent surgery just as it was in the past. In the treatment of complicated diverticulitis with abscess (Hinchey I-II) is used more and more conservative treatments consisting of guided percutaneous drainage combined with antibiotics. Resection with primary anastomosis with or without diverting ileostomy is preferable to Hartmann's procedure in case of perforated diverticulitis with peritonitis (Hinchey III-IV), using the latter only in the case of comorbidities, severe sepsis, hemodynamic instability or longtime feculent peritonitis (Hinchey IV). Recently, laparoscopic peritoneal lavage was introduced in the treatment of diverticulitis. CONCLUSIONS:Thanks to the progress made in conservative and interventional treatment and laparoscopic surgery, an increasingly less invasive treatment is proposed in the management of acute diverticulitis. KEY WORDS:Acute diverticulitis, Laparoscopic surgery, Surgical treatment. :Negli ultimi anni si è assistito ad un notevole cambiamento nel trattamento della diverticolite acuta. Vengono riportati indicazioni e tipo di intervento nei pazienti affetti da diverticolite acuta complicata alla luce dei dati della letteratura più recente e dell’esperienza maturata nell’ultimo decennio. L’indicazione alla chirurgia di elezione basata su numero di episodi, età del paziente, presenza di fattori di rischio come l’immunosoppressione, è venuta meno in favore di un approccio personalizzato, differente nel singolo paziente, in funzione della gravità del quadro clinico. Inoltre anche la presenza di pneumoperitoneo non è più da considerare una indicazione alla chirurgia d’urgenza. Nel trattamento della diverticolite acuta complicata da ascesso (Hinchey I-II) oggi si fa ricorso ad un approccio più conservativo: drenaggio percutaneo ed antibioticoterapia. Nei casi di perforazione con peritonite (Hinchey III-IV) la resezione intestinale con o senza ileostomia di protezione è da preferire all’intervento secondo Hartmann, che trova invece indicazione solo nei pazienti con malattie intercorrenti gravi, sepsi severa, instabilità emodinamica, peritonite fecaloide (Hinchey IV) datante da più di 8-12 ore. Recentemente nel trattamento della diverticolite è stato introdotto il lavaggio peritoneale laparoscopico, ma i risultati non consentono di trarre conclusioni certe. In conclusione, grazie ai progressi della terapia conservativa e all’introduzione della laparoscopia, oggi nel trattamento della diverticolite complicata si può proporre sempre di più un atteggiamento più conservativo.

journal_name

Ann Ital Chir

authors

Fornaro R,Caristo G,De Rosa R,Ammirati CA,Oliva A,Batistotti P,Mascherini M,Frascio M

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-01-01 00:00:00

pages

432-441

eissn

0003-469X

issn

2239-253X

pii

S0003469X19030318

journal_volume

90

pub_type

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