Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:To develop a smoking indicator that combines the popularity and duration of smoking and the quantity and quality of consumed cigarettes, factors that vary dramatically over time and across generations. METHODS:We used retrospective reports on smoking behavior and a time series of cigarette tar yields to standardize nationally representative life-course smoking prevalence rates of 11 generations of US men and women, spanning 120 years. For each generation and gender, we related the standardized data with the corresponding rates of smoking-attributable mortality. RESULTS:Our indicator suggests that US cigarette consumption spread, peaked, and contracted faster than commonly perceived; predicts a significantly stronger smoking-mortality correlation than unadjusted smoking prevalence; and reveals the emergence of a delay (by up to 8 years) in premature death from smoking that is consistent with increasing population access to effective treatments. In fact, we show that, among recent cohorts, smoking health-risk exposure is at a historic low and will account for less than 5% of deaths. CONCLUSIONS:Relative to unstandardized measures, our novel, standardized indicator of smoking prevalence describes a different history of smoking diffusion in the United States, and more strongly predicts later-life mortality.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Christopoulou R,Lillard DRdoi
10.2105/AJPH.2016.303130subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-07-01 00:00:00pages
1329-35issue
7eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
106pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:We surveyed young men on their experiences of police encounters and subsequent mental health. METHODS:Between September 2012 and March 2013, we conducted a population-based telephone survey of 1261 young men aged 18 to 26 years in New York City. Respondents reported how many times they were approached by Ne...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302046
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is a high prevalence of oral disease in the Alaska Native population, much of which goes untreated, creating a large discrepancy between the level of their oral health and that of the general population. The causes of this discrepancy are multiple--a major cause being the lack of access to care, especially in re...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.053546
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to examine sexual violence victimization in childhood and sexual risk indicators in young adulthood in a primarily Latina and Black cohort of "mostly heterosexual" and heterosexual women in the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN). METHODS:In 2000, a comprehensive survey t...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.099473
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We assessed which of a broad range of determinants of health are most strongly associated with health-related quality of life (HRQL) among people with type 2 diabetes. METHODS:Our analysis included respondents from the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 1.1 (2000-2001) who were aged 18 years and older an...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.067728
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.129064
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationships of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol with body composition, leisure-time physical activity, cigarette smoking, and education were examined in a community-based sample of 480 Black and 1337 White women. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated inverse associations of HDL with body mass ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.1.98
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.76.6.638
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
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doi:10.2105/ajph.93.5.817
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.167999
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.149799
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.3.329
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.5.551
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The religious distribution of Nassau County resident leukemia cases diagnosed between 1966 and 1974 was studied to see if the elevated incidence of the disease among Jews reported in the 1950s and early 1960s was persisting. The results showed, for both males and females, virtually no difference in attack rates betwee...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.66.11.1094
更新日期:1976-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.10.1653
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.175091
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.71.9.1026
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301251
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.182287
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.9.1202
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302066
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304511
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.180570
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.4.378
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journal_title:American journal of public health
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doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.043844
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.70.12.1294
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.7.902
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Relay, a peer-delivered response to nonfatal opioid overdoses, provides overdose prevention education, naloxone, support, and linkage to care to opioid overdose survivors for 90 days after an overdose event. From June 2017 to December 2018, Relay operated in seven New York City emergency departments and enrolled 649 o...
journal_title:American journal of public health
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更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.157982
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00