Abstract：
OBJECTIVES:To determine the prevalence of dental caries, and associated social risk factors among preschool children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS:The study consisted of a random sample of 3 to 5 years- old preschool children who were examined in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 388 children (184 boys and 204 girls) were examined from 10 different preschools. Each surface of their teeth was examined for dental caries utilizing modified WHO criteria (WHO, 1997). Data information about age, gender and social factors status were obtained by questionnaires that had been answered by parents. RESULTS:About 69% of children had dental caries with dmft score of 3.4 (± 3.6) and dmfs of 6.9 (± 9.9). There was no statistically significant difference between boys and girls. Less caries was observed among children whose parents worked and it was statistically significant as well as whose mothers had high or low educational level. Increased number of family members appeared to have a high incidence of dental caries which was also statistically significant. There was no significant difference in dental caries prevalence with birth order. CONCLUSIONS:Dental caries among preschool children in Saudi Arabia was still very common. Improvement of preventive measure at early age should be emphasized by parents and dental health professionals. More attention is required for Non-working parents telling them about the risk of dental caries affecting their children and the awareness of preventive care of dental health.
journal_name
Pak J Med Scijournal_title
Pakistan journal of medical sciencesauthors
Al-Meedani LA,Al-Dlaigan YHdoi
10.12669/pjms.322.9439subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-03-01 00:00:00pages
452-6issue
2eissn
1682-024Xissn
1681-715Xpii
PJMS-32-452journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine insulin resistance in non-diabetic chronic hepatitis C patients using Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). METHODOLOGY:Patients having anti-HCV positive were included in this study. Patients with diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, hyperlipidemias, hypercortisolism and i...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.291.2888
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to highlight cardiovascular risk factors among retired attendees attending a primary care clinic, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS:A cross sectional study was conducted from Januaryto February 2013 at Primary Care Clinics of King Khalid University Hospital and College of Medicine, King...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.303.4269
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine site specific carotid intima-media thickness: common-carotid artery and carotid bifurcation in hypercholesterolemia patients as a marker for atherosclerosis. METHODS:Fifty patients with hypercholesterolemia and twenty controls were selected after getting informed consent regarding the investigat...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.295.3830
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and diet of teachers of a Govt. College of Home Economics in Lahore. METHODS:It was survey research. Purposive sampling technique was adopted for the selection of 50 teachers from Govt. College of Home Economics of age group 30 - 60 years. RESULTS:About 46% of the ...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.314.8433
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pakistan is experiencing a "double burden'' of disease. Under-development is associated with illnesses like infections and nutritional deficiency, and is accompanied with diseases linked with development, such as diabetes, hypertension, cancer and chronic kidney disease. In Pakistan, renal and genitourinary diseases a...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.12669/pjms.36.ICON-Suppl.1718
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The McGrath Video laryngoscope is a newly developed video laryngoscope that significantly improves laryngeal view and facilitates endotracheal intubation in difficult airways. However in patients with normal airway that is not mentioned before. The aim of this study was to compare the McGrath video laryngosco...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.324.10037
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of decreased visual acuity, strabismus, and spectacle wear in children aged 5 to 13 years. METHODS:A cross-sectional study was performed in primary education schools. A total of 1938 participants, including 940 females (48.5%) and 998 males (51.5%) with a mean...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.325.10367
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The objective was to determine the job satisfaction and burnout levels of primary care health workers in Malatya in Turkey. METHODS:The sample of the study included 186 physicians, 126 midwives and 106 nurses working in primary health care. The Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale and the Maslach Burnout Scale w...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.313.6795
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synchronous cancers are defined as malignant tumors that occur simultaneously. Each tumor must be primary which eliminate the possibility of being metastatic lesion of the other. If three separate organs are involved, that is so-called triple synchronous malignancy with very low morbidity. We report a case of a 33 yea...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type：
doi：10.12669/pjms.291.2277
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:COVID-19 is a viral infection that has multisystemic physical and psychological complications. The following paper looks at the various challenges seen while treating psychiatric patients during the COVID pandemic. There is a need for physician to be aware of the drug interactions between psychiatric medications and t...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.36.5.3073
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To evaluate the association of miR-196a rs11614913 C/T genetic variation and its target gene annexin A1 mRNA expression with breast cancer risk in Pakistani female ethnicities. Methods:This case control study, conducted from March 2017 to November 2018 included 295 breast cancer patients, 295 controls of thr...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.35.6.1322
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the disease severity in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), at baseline and the impact of treatment on disease activity (DA) after six months of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) therapy. METHODS:This prospective study was conducted at the 'Rheumatology Clinic' of Jinnah Postg...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.334.12704
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:In this study we aimed to investigate the long-term clinical and radiological results, revision rates and causes, and the rate of implant survival in total hip arthroplasty performed using CLS® expansion cup and Spotorno® cementless femoral stem. Methods:Clinical results of total hip arthroplasty performed o...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.37.1.3089
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of pulpotomy and pulpectomy on deciduous molars with deep caries. Methods:A total of 124 children (192 molars) with deep caries treated from February 2014 to February 2015 were selected. They each had at least one molar with deep caries. MTA pulpotomy (101 molars) and Vita...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.336.13488
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To compare the short-term outcomes of three dimensional (3D) versus two dimensional (2D) laparoscopic procedures used for cholecystectomy. Methods:This study was conducted at minimally invasive surgery center of Liaquat University of Medical Health and Sciences (LUMHS) Jamshoro Pakistan, between 15th May 201...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.37.1.3721
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:A Cross Sectional population based serological studies was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for syphilis women with recurrent miscarriages. METHODS:Patient's 5ml whole blood was collected through venepuncture technique. Data were collected by all women answered a questionnair...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To identify what educational resources are used by medical students for their personal study during Primary health care (PHC) clinical rotation and the reasons for making these choices at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS:A survey of 176 male and female medical students was conducted duri...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.322.9784
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To find out the frequency of ZAP-70, CD38 and CD49d in patients diagnosed with CLL in our population. Methods:This is a cross sectional study conducted in Army Medical College in collaboration with Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and Military Hospital Rawalpindi from 1st January 2018 to 30th November 201...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.36.3.541
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare the neuro-radiologic findings in Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with and without antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in different neuro-psychiatric manifestations. METHODS:This cross-sectional comparative study was carried out at King Khalid University Hospital, a tertiary care teaching...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.315.7975
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To find out the clinical characteristics and risk factors for deep venous thrombosis (DVT) after gynecological surgery. METHODS:Four hundred and ninety-eight patients treated surgically in the department of gynecology of our hospital from July 2012 to May 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. The data includi...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.312.6608
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The polymorphism in codon 399 of the X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) gene may subtly alter structure of DNA repair enzymes and modulate the repair capacity. Impaired DNA repair can lead to the development of cancers such as prostate cancer (PCA). Although the association between the XRCC1 cod...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.315.7510
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine alexithymic characteristics and affecting factors in the elderly with diabetes mellitus. METHODS:This study was planned as a cross-sectional and descriptive study and was conducted in a state Hospital with 120 elderly patients with diabetes. Data were collected using a personal information form ...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To share our findings that the new treatment modality Video Assisted Anal Fistula Treatment (VAAFT) is a better alternate to the conventional treatments of Fistula in Ano in our setup with minor changes in the initial method described by Meinero. METHODS:Karl Storz Video equipment including Meinero Fistulosc...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.315.6836
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：Background and Objective:This study was designed to identify the changing trends in Anti-psychotic prescription pattern in Pakistan. It was part of the research project Research on East Asian Psychotropic Prescription Pattern (REAP) carried out to identify the prescription patterns of schizophrenic patients in differen...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.35.3.136
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Purpose of this study was to validate that Subtenon (SB) Triamcinolone (TA) injection is an alternative to Intravitreal (IV) Triamcinolone (TA) injection for the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS:Forty eyes were selected having DME due to type 1 or type 2 diabetes. All the patients were trea...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.304.4810
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Each year millions of Muslims perform pilgrimage to Makkah, Saudi Arabia. It is particularly stressful during the peak five days, when all rituals have to be performed at specific periods of time at different sites. Poor diabetes control in people with diabetes predisposes to morbidity and incr...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.325.11217
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety profile of combined phacoemulsification with 23G pars plana vitrectomy when compared to pars plana vitrectomy alone in phakic patients. Methods:This study was performed at Al-Ehsan Eye Hospital (tertiary care eye hospital in Lahore, Pakistan) from January 2016 to Augu...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.335.13430
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Miller Fisher's syndrome (MFS) commonly presents in the fourth and fifth decades and are rare in people over 70 years. An 85-year-old female with no significant medical history presented with upper extremity anesthesia, ptosis, and unsteady gait. The patient had a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Physica...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type：
doi：10.12669/pjms.295.3793
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:During COVID-19 pandemic, the institutions in Pakistan have started online learning. This study explores the perception of teachers and students regarding its advantages, limitations and recommendations. Methods:This qualitative case study was conducted from March to April 2020. Using maximum variation sampl...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2785
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：Objective:To determine the cases of Noninvasive Follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary like nuclear features (NIFTP) in Pakistani population retrospectively. Another objective was to determine their clinical and radiological outcomes with respect to local and systemic disease recurrence, reconfirming the benign cou...
journal_title：Pakistan journal of medical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.12669/pjms.36.2.1123
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
