Abstract:
:Judgments about personalities and social traits can be made by relatively brief exposure to animate living things. Here we show that unusual architecture in the microstructure of the human brain is related to atypical mental projections of personality and social structure onto things that are neither living nor animate. Our participants experience automatic, life-long and consistent crossmodal associations between language sequences (e.g., letters, numbers and days) and complex personifications (e.g., A is a businessman; 7 a good-natured woman). Participants with this 'Ordinal Linguistic Personification' (Simner and Hubbard, 2006) which we describe here as a form of social synaesthesia, showed lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values in five clusters at whole-brain significance, compared with non-synaesthetes (in the pre-postcentral gyrus/dorsal corticospinal tract, left superior corona radiata, and the genu, body and left side of the corpus callosum). We found no regions of the brain with increased FA in synaesthetes. A number of these regions with reduced FA play a role in social responsiveness, and our study is the first to show that unusual differences in white matter microstructure in these regions is associated with compelling feelings of social cohesion and personality towards non-animate entities. We show too that altered patterns of connectivity known to typify synaesthesia are not limited to variants involving a 'merging of the senses', but also extend to what might be thought of as a cogno-social variant of synaesthesia, linking language and personality attributes in this surprising way.
journal_name
Neuropsychologiajournal_title
Neuropsychologiaauthors
Simner J,Rehme MK,Carmichael DA,Bastin ME,Sprooten E,McIntosh AM,Lawrie SM,Zedler Mdoi
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.08.020subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-10-01 00:00:00pages
282-289eissn
0028-3932issn
1873-3514pii
S0028-3932(16)30312-8journal_volume
91pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NEUROPSYCHOLOGIA文献大全abstract::An unresolved issue in behavioral studies of hemispheric asymmetry is why both left-handers and right-handers show a right ear advantage at the group level. In the present study we screened left-handers for left- versus right-hemisphere speech dominance with fMRI by comparing right versus left hemisphere frontal lobe ...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.11.002
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous research claiming that there is a metamemory deficit in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has been based on paradigms in which metamemory judgements are compared with performance. These methods confound predictive accuracy with very poor memory performance. In the experiments presented here this confound is removed by...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(00)00037-3
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lateral saccadic latencies were determined in 18 right-handers and 18 left-handers. Within the right-handed group the mean latency was significantly shorter when looking from the left to the right (242.7 msec) than from right to left (265.0 msec), whereas no significant directional difference was found in the left-han...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0028-3932(86)90033-3
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Experiment I normal subjects performed the classical clinical line-bisection task, and demonstrated a left-side underestimation. In Experiment II subjects maintained fixation upon a central position and adjusted a rod passing through this fixation point so that both extremities were judged equal. The left-side unde...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0028-3932(85)90029-6
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The different concepts of impulsivity cover a wide range of divergent behaviors. In clinical terms, aspects of impulsivity are both an important feature in several psychiatric conditions related to a low central serotonergic neurotransmission like aggressive behavior and suicidality, and a core symptom of frontal lobe...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(00)00115-9
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxytocin (OXT) has previously been implicated in a range of prosocial behaviors such as trust and emotion recognition. Nevertheless, recent studies have questioned the evidence for this link. In addition, there has been relatively little conclusive research on the effect of OXT on empathic ability and such studies as ...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.10.019
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the influence of the symbol type and numerical distance of numbers on the amplitudes and peak latencies of event-related potentials (ERPs). Our aim was to (1) determine the point in time of magnitude information access in visual number processing; and (2) identify at what stage the advantage of...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.09.005
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aim of the present study was to investigate the neurophysiologic correlates of the conscious and not conscious perception of faces (presented for 14, 40, 80 ms) with happy and sad emotional valence. Electroencephalographic data of 22 participants during a report-based visual task were recorded. Both happy and sad face...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107554
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The right postero-lateral cerebellum participates with the left frontal lobe in the selection and production of words. Using fMRI, we examined whether cerebellar activity switches hemispheres in parallel with recruitment of putative compensatory right homologous frontal regions in post-stroke aphasia. Re-examining the...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.05.019
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery and description of the affected members of the KE family (aKE) initiated research on how genes enable the unique human trait of speech and language. Many aspects of this genetic influence on speech-related cognitive mechanisms are still elusive, e.g. if and how cognitive processes not directly involved i...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.11.027
更新日期:2018-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous studies have demonstrated dissociable neuroanatomic underpinnings for the retrieval of grammatical classes of words such as nouns and verbs. Whereas retrieval of common and proper nouns is primarily mediated by posterior and anterior temporal regions, respectively, verb retrieval is primarily mediated by fron...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(99)00066-4
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study, the primary emotional response represented by the acoustic startle reflex was investigated in a group of six male patients, selected with lesions of the orbitofrontal cortex, and twenty matched healthy controls. Accurate neuropsychological assessment and lesion mapping showed relatively spared co...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.10.018
更新日期:2008-03-07 00:00:00
abstract::Over the last decade, many studies have demonstrated that visuospatial working memory (VSWM) can be divided into two subsystems, dealing respectively with spatial and visual information. A similar dissociation has been observed in brain-damaged patients without neglect for mental imagery skills. The first aim of the p...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.02.006
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated six patients with progressive focal dementia or progressive aphasia, who showed impairments in knowledge of word meaning ranging from moderate to very severe. In all cases, a test of oral word reading demonstrated preserved reading of words with regular spelling-to-sound correspondences (e.g. MINT), bu...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0028-3932(92)90096-5
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pupil size is an easy-to-measure, non-invasive method to index various cognitive processes. Although a growing number of studies have incorporated measures of pupil size into clinical investigation, there have only been limited studies in Parkinson's disease (PD). Convergent evidence has suggested PD patients exhibit ...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.11.019
更新日期:2016-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::Using stimuli with ambiguous figure-ground relationships, Ricci and Blundo (1990, Neuropsychologia 28, 1163-1173) demonstrated that patients with frontal-lobe lesions are impaired at shifting perspective. No significant difference between right frontal and left frontal groups was found. To investigate this phenomenon ...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0028-3932(94)90159-7
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is an important link between pain, regulation of body temperature, and body ownership. For example, an altered feeling of body ownership - due to either chronic pain or "rubber-hand illusions" (RHI) - is associated with reduced temperature of the affected limb. However, the causal relationships within this triad...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.02.039
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dual-process models of recognition memory distinguish between the retrieval of qualitative information about a prior event (recollection), and judgments of prior occurrence based on an acontextual sense of familiarity. fMRI studies investigating the neural correlates of memory encoding and retrieval conducted within t...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.06.004
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In two ERP experiments, we examined the attention-related mechanism involved in perceiving infant emotions following exposure to security priming. Specifically, we examined how security priming affected securely and insecurely attached women. We found that both supraliminal and subliminal security priming resulted in ...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107216
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::When a conflict task involves congruent, neutral, and incongruent conditions, it is possible to examine facilitation (neutral vs. congruent) and interference (incongruent vs. neutral) components. Very few studies investigated the brain areas that are specifically involved in facilitation or interference. We used funct...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.05.025
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Excitatory anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (A-tDCS) over the left dorsal prefrontal cortex (DPFC) has been shown to improve language production. The present study examined neurophysiological underpinnings of this effect. In a single-blinded within-subject design, we traced effects of A-tDCS compared to ...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.10.015
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated for the first time the episodic/semantic distinction in remembering the past and imagining the future in traumatic brain injury (TBI), and explored cognitive mechanisms that may underlie their deficits. Fifteen severe TBI patients and 15 control participants performed a battery of neuropsychological te...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.03.014
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lines of fish, Girardinus falcatus preferentially turning rightward (RD) or leftward (LD) when facing a dummy predator visible behind a barrier have been obtained through selective breeding. To check whether lateralization was maintained in other behavioral responses, five different tests were carried out. They compri...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00034-3
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an earlier study by Parkinson et al. (J. Neurosci. 8, 4159-4167, 1988), hippocampectomized monkeys were found to be impaired on a task in which they were required to remember the spatial positions of trial-unique objects overlying two of the wells in a three-well test tray. There were two types of trial in the task...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0028-3932(93)90030-4
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::With respect to what frames of reference, or spatial coordinate systems, is attention allocated to locations in space? We posed this question about the spatial attention system that has been damaged in neglect patients, distinguishing among three possible types of spatial reference frame: viewer-centered, according to...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0028-3932(90)90060-2
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of recent studies have shown that selective attention can influence the emotional value of both selected as well as ignored items. Specifically, ignored items (distractors) were consistently rated less positively in emotional evaluations, following attentional selection, relative to (typically) simultaneously...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.09.018
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and trichotillomania (compulsive hair-pulling) share overlapping co-morbidity, familial transmission, and phenomenology. However, the extent to which these disorders share a common cognitive phenotype has yet to be elucidated using patients without confounding co-morbiditi...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.07.016
更新日期:2007-03-02 00:00:00
abstract::Prosopagnosia is clinically defined as a specific and extreme inability to recognize familiar faces. However, doubts have been expressed concerning prosopagnosics' preserved ability to recognize unfamiliar faces and to make other within category discriminations. The present study pursues these doubts. If recognition o...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0028-3932(90)90051-o
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to understand how experience of an action alters functional brain responses to visual information, we examined the effects of reflex walking on how 10-week-old infants processed biological motion. We gave experience of the reflex walk to half the participants, and did not give this experience to the other hal...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.11.005
更新日期:2019-03-18 00:00:00
abstract::Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes hippocampal damage. The hippocampus can be macroscopically divided into the head, body and tail, which differ in terms of their sensitivity to excitability and also in terms of their cortical connections. We investigated whether damage also varies according to the hippocampal area i...
journal_title:Neuropsychologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.11.007
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00