Abstract：
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Patients with social anxiety disorder suffer from pronounced fears in social situations. As gaze perception is crucial in these situations, we examined which factors influence the range of gaze directions where mutual gaze is experienced (the cone of gaze). METHODS:The social stimulus was modified by changing the number of people (heads) present and the emotional expression of their faces. Participants completed a psychophysical task, in which they had to adjust the eyes of a virtual head to gaze at the edge of the range where mutual eye-contact was experienced. RESULTS:The number of heads affected the width of the gaze cone: the more heads, the wider the gaze cone. The emotional expression of the virtual head had no consistent effect on the width of the gaze cone, it did however affect the emotional state of the participants. Angry expressions produced the highest arousal values. Highest valence emerged from happy faces, lowest valence from angry faces. CONCLUSION:These results suggest that the widening of the gaze cone in social anxiety disorder is not primarily mediated by their altered emotional reactivity. Implications for gaze assessment and gaze training in therapeutic contexts are discussed. LIMITATIONS:Due to interindividual variability, enlarged gaze cones are not necessarily indicative of social anxiety disorder, they merely constitute a correlate at the group level.
journal_name
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatryjournal_title
Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatryauthors
Harbort J,Spiegel J,Witthöft M,Hecht Hdoi
10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.11.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-06-01 00:00:00pages
16-24eissn
0005-7916issn
1873-7943pii
S0005-7916(16)30076-3journal_volume
55pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:This article presents a brief discussion of pulmonary function and panic attacks in the context of respiratory psychophysiology. Ley's (Behaviour Research and Therapy, 27, 549-554, 1989) earlier dyspnea/suffocation theory of panic is contrasted with Klein's (Archives of General Psychiatry, 50, 306-316, 1993) later fal...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0005-7916(97)00033-5
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effectiveness of relaxation and biofeedback treatment for adults who suffer from headaches is well documented. By contrast, only several case study reports have been published describing these procedures applied to childhood headaches. This report describes the treatment of 15 children, aged 10-17 years, treated i...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7916(85)90027-8
更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The debate about the causal efficacy of cognition involves two overlapping but different issues: (1) whether explanatory fictions improve upon the power and utility of nonfictional explanations of behavior, and (2) whether any explanation, either purely empirical or purely inferential, can describe proximal causality ...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7916(95)00032-u
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the role of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in juvenile delinquency. Forty-two incarcerated male delinquents participated. Thirty of these youths met the criterion for conduct disorder (CD), only while 12 met the criterion for CD and ADHD. The results indicated that the latter group were ar...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7916(91)90042-4
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This case study describes the functional assessment and treatment of aggressive and destructive behaviors in a 14-year-old male child with a history of physical abuse. Evaluation was performed in a classroom within a residential school setting. Functional assessment in forms of indirect and descriptive methods was use...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Suicide is a significant world health problem, with more deaths by suicide globally than by war. We need to better understand the cognitive processes underlying suicidal thinking for improved treatment development. Cognitive psychology indicates that mental imagery can be causal in determining future behavior, yet the...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2007.10.004
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:These days, a growing number of social interactions occur through video-mediated communication (VMC). However, little is known about how socially anxious individuals use this technology. Here, we examined the visual attention patterns of high and low socially anxious individuals during a live ...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2020.101595
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A critical review is presented of studies utilizing EMG biofeedback for relaxation of upper extremity musculature. Examined are experimental investigations with normal subjects and those with psychological problems, and clinical applications of the methodology for treatment of involuntary movements and anxiety. Articl...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0005-7916(85)90048-5
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:It is well known that socially anxious individuals show biased processing towards threatening faces and better performance with low spatial frequencies information (LSF). It is unclear whether this bias is confined to facial processing or can be extended to other types of information. METHODS...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.03.002
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was designed to explore the possibility that Bandura's notion of self-efficacy can be applied to control over cognitions as well as behavior. Subjects were asked to complete questionnaires designed to measure their dental anxiety, the number of their negative self-statements about a dental appointment and t...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7916(87)90069-3
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) combines cognitive restructuring with exposure to feared stimuli in the treatment of anxiety disorders. Due to the complexities of cognition–emotion interactions during ongoing CBT, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, which hinders treatment optimizatio...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.10.001
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:It has been shown that exposure to female thin ideals in media has minimal to moderate direct effects on body image satisfaction (BIS), mood and dysfunctional eating in healthy young women. Evidence has been found for several intervening variables such as social comparison processes. According...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.03.010
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Although the influence of uncertainty and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) on anxiety pathologies has been well-established, only a few studies examined the interaction between uncertainty and IU in producing anxiety. Meanwhile, there is a lack of research utilizing experimental methods to mani...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.06.005
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A multiple baseline design across subjects was used to examine the efficacy of a treatment package consisting of relaxation, reinforcement, and cognitive self-instruction in the reduction of severe night-time fears in six children. Although the disruptive bedtime behaviors of five of the six children were reduced, the...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7916(89)90050-5
更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Contemporary models suggest that persons with panic disorder inaccurately attribute somatic anxiety symptoms to catastrophic causes. This consequently exacerbates their physiological symptoms, triggering full-blown panic attacks. Researchers have modified catastrophic thinking using cognitive therapy, but typically ha...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7916(88)90029-8
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a brief correction procedure in decelerating a high rate anti-social behaviour (spitting) in a profoundly retarded girl. A simple correction procedure seemed as effective as a more elaborate procedure incorporating positive practice elements, and gains were sustained with s...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7916(82)90084-2
更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Self harm is a serious public health problem worldwide. Implicit attitude measures offer a novel method of exploring associations with self harm (SH). Here we used implicit measures in order to (i) examine implicit evaluative and arousal associations with SH (ii) compare the discriminatory pow...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.10.007
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cognitive-behavior therapy and exposure and response prevention are the most effective psychological treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, these approaches often produce variable results with the majority of treated individuals remaining symptomatic. This study evaluated a new form of cognitive ...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2006.12.001
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of metacognitive therapy (MCT) on symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and on symptoms of thought-fusion, by means of a wait-list controlled clinical trial. Participants were referred from dermatology and cosmetic surgery clinics in the city of Isfahan...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.09.013
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This project examined the effects of a multicomponent behavioral treatment program on assaultive behavior in a deaf, visually-impaired adolescent boy. Two types of assaultiveness were monitored: aggression towards adults and destruction of the physical environment. Intervention consisted of a token economy system, a r...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7916(84)90126-5
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Refusal skills training was extended to sexually active handicapped female adolescents who lacked an effective refusal strategy. Role-plays for assessment and training were developed using the who, what, when and where of situations which resulted in unwanted intercourse. Refusal skills were trained following the form...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7916(90)90018-g
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spectacular claims have been made regarding the efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but almost entirely on the basis of patients' reports and without objective criteria. This study reports on the treatment of eight patients with a d...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7916(94)90003-5
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Emotional expression is an essential function for daily life that can be severely affected in some psychological disorders. Laboratory-based procedures designed to measure prosodic expression from natural speech have shown early promise for measuring individual differences in emotional expression but have yet to produ...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2009.11.008
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article discusses the current and potential use of paradoxical interventions in behavioral medicine. Paradoxical interventions are considered to be of two types: intra-individual and interpersonal. Treatment indications differ for the two types of interventions. Intraindividual paradoxical interventions have been...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7916(84)90027-2
更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Although repetitive thought (e.g., worry) is generally assumed to be a risk factor for psychopathological disorders such as anxiety disorders, the repetitive thought processes occurring after a conditioning event have not yet received much theoretical attention. However, as repetitive thought ...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.10.011
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Studies of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and research in occupational therapy suggest a link between sensory hypersensitivity and excessive use of rituals. The present research constitutes an initial attempt to examine this potential link. METHODS:In Study 1, parents of 4-6-year old chi...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.09.008
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was aimed at (a) eliminating self-stimulation and increasing task-related responding in severely handicapped children, and (b) assessing maintenance and carry-over of treatment effects following the use of sensory reinforcement. The results showed that applying sensory or edible-liquid reinforcement,...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0005-7916(83)90010-1
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Previous studies show that individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) accord more importance than healthy controls (HC) to alternative conclusions, resulting in increased doubt regarding an initial conclusion. The goal of the present study was to replicate and extend this finding. M...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2017.11.002
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Persecutory delusions are proposed to be a defence against low self-esteem reaching conscious awareness (Bentall, Corcoran, Howard, Blackwood, & Kinderman, 2001). Key predictions of this proposal are that individuals with persecutory delusions will have lower implicit self-esteem and equivalent levels of explicit self...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.05.003
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Data-driven processing, peri-event fear, and trauma memory characteristics are hypothesised to play a core role in the development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. We assessed the relationships between these characteristics and Posttraumatic Stress (PTS) symptoms in a sample of youth. METHOD...
journal_title：Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.jbtep.2017.04.004
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
