Abstract:
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Self harm is a serious public health problem worldwide. Implicit attitude measures offer a novel method of exploring associations with self harm (SH). Here we used implicit measures in order to (i) examine implicit evaluative and arousal associations with SH (ii) compare the discriminatory power of implicit and explicit attitude measures in a non-clinical sample at high risk of SH. METHODS:Two experiments using Go No-Go Association (GNAT) tasks designed to tap implicit attitudes toward SH in an undergraduate sample. RESULTS:In Study One logistic regression analysis demonstrated that explicit, rather than implicit measures successfully discriminated between SH cases and controls which contrasts with previous research. Faster reaction times were observed for negative implicit associations (SH and 'I dislike') compared to positive implicit associations (SH and 'I like') for both SH cases and controls. The SH group were faster to respond to arousal implicit associations compared to implicit sedation associations. Study Two extended this finding to demonstrate associations between evaluative/arousal GNATs and self-reported functions of SH. Internal motivations for self harmful behaviour were significantly related to an implicit sedation association with SH, whereas interpersonal motivations were associated with an implicit arousal association with SH. These findings are consonant with existing functional accounts of SH. LIMITATIONS:Longitudinal data is necessary to identify whether the attitudes assessed could predict future SH. CONCLUSIONS:The findings provide novel experimental support for the hypothesised role of automatic/affect regulation and social/interpersonal functions of SH. Implications for intervention are discussed.
journal_name
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatryjournal_title
Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatryauthors
Knowles SE,Townsend Edoi
10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.10.007subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-06-01 00:00:00pages
730-6issue
2eissn
0005-7916issn
1873-7943pii
S0005-7916(11)00114-5journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) is a set of colour photographs depicting a wide range of subject matters. The pictures, which are widely used in research on emotions, are commonly described in terms of the dimensions of valence, arousal and dominance. Little is known, however...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.07.006
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Immunosuppression is characteristic of the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and is accompanied by an adaptive disgust response to reduce contact with pathogens. However, research has not examined the effects of emotion regulation on disgust during the menstrual cycle. Accordingly, the presen...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101543
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This project examined the effects of a multicomponent behavioral treatment program on assaultive behavior in a deaf, visually-impaired adolescent boy. Two types of assaultiveness were monitored: aggression towards adults and destruction of the physical environment. Intervention consisted of a token economy system, a r...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0005-7916(84)90126-5
更新日期:1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:The emotion of guilt plays a pivotal role in the genesis and maintenance of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). But what kind of guilt do OC patients want to prevent? Several studies suggest the existence of two different types of guilt emotions, namely deontological and altruistic guilt. Thi...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.05.003
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Trauma victims, such as war veterans, often remember additional traumatic events over time: the "memory amplification effect". This effect is associated with the re-experiencing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including frequent and intrusive images of the trauma. One explan...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.04.003
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Social anxiety is associated with biased processing of threatening faces. Earlier research indicated that socially anxious individuals are biased towards processing low spatial frequency (LSF) information when judging facial expressions. However, it remains unclear whether this bias reflects b...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.06.008
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Difficulties in emotion regulation (ER) have been associated with several psychiatric disorders, emphasizing a need for a greater understanding of the concept and its associations with disruptive behavior. We aimed to study the ER strategy of cognitive reappraisal with an experimental test to ...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101541
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two approaches, (a) patient education and (b) compliance-contingent social reinforcement, were employed to improve compliance with fluid restrictions in a chronically noncompliant hemodialysis patient of borderline intellectual functioning. Results indicated that only social reinforcement led to improved compliance (i...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0005-7916(93)90012-l
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The psychometric properties of the test entitled Knowledge of Behavioral Principles as Applied to Children and two shortened forms of this test were investigated in two samples of British subjects. The first consisted of 162 psychiatric nurses, psychiatrists, occupational therapists, physiotherapists and clinical psyc...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0005-7916(87)90004-8
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Excessive maladaptive avoidance has been claimed to be one of the mechanisms through which intolerance of uncertainty (IU) may play its causal role in the development and maintenance of several anxiety and compulsive disorders. Consistently, Flores et al. (2018) found that individuals with hig...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101527
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:It has been shown that exposure to female thin ideals in media has minimal to moderate direct effects on body image satisfaction (BIS), mood and dysfunctional eating in healthy young women. Evidence has been found for several intervening variables such as social comparison processes. According...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.03.010
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study investigated the presence and characteristics of spontaneous imagery in women with bulimia nervosa (BN) and their links to childhood memories. Using a semi-structured interview, data was collected from three groups of female participants: BN participants (N=13), dieting (N=18) and non-dieting controls (N=20)...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2007.09.003
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The efficacy of a positive reinforcement contingency procedure was evaluated in the treatment of a 6-year old boy with reluctant speech. The intervention was conducted in the kindergarten classroom and the teacher served as therapist. Using an ABABB' single case experimental design, positive reinforcement was found to...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0005-7916(82)90057-x
更新日期:1982-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel use of extinction was applied in combination with differential reinforcement of other behavior to reduce dangerous levels of aggression displayed by an 11-year-old boy with severe mental retardation and cerebral palsy. Data taken during actual treatment sessions and in the client's "natural" environment (class...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0005-7916(92)90011-7
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Emerging evidence suggests that the effectiveness of cognitive reappraisal (CR) depends on different factors, including the individual's psychological wellbeing (e.g., level of anxiety) and the context in which the strategy is used (e.g., stressor controllability). The present study aimed to i...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.05.001
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of behavior therapy in Sri Lanka is presented. Its beginnings in the decade of the 70s in the two medical schools in Colombo and Peradeniya and its current status are reviewed, and future prospects are discussed. The need for developing and expanding behavior therapy practice in the country, and possib...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0005-7916(85)90043-6
更新日期:1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite several decades of empirical research that has supported the utility of cognitive research and therapy, behaviorists continue to battle with cognitivists on epistemological grounds. Therefore, I seek to resolve this battle by reviewing epistemological lessons learned from two other disciplines, Physics and Pra...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0005-7916(95)00036-y
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Encouraging professionals in training and later to consider practice-related research findings when making important clinical decisions is an on-going concern. Evidenced-Based Medicine (EBM) and the Cochrane Collaboration (CC) provide a source of tools and ideas for doing so, as well as a roster of colleagues who shar...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0005-7916(98)00035-4
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This case study describes the functional assessment and treatment of aggressive and destructive behaviors in a 14-year-old male child with a history of physical abuse. Evaluation was performed in a classroom within a residential school setting. Functional assessment in forms of indirect and descriptive methods was use...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The regulated-breathing method of Azrin and Nunn (1974) appears to be one of the most promising treatments of stuttering in adults. Their study, however, has some methodological limitations. In particular no operational definition of stuttering is provided, and all measures of stuttering are based on self-report. The ...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/0005-7916(88)90005-5
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Trauma-related rumination has been found to be an important maintaining factor for PTSD. On the background of the processing mode account of ruminative thinking, this study tested whether the relationship between rumination and analogue PTSD symptoms can be modified by training participants in...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.03.006
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Response inhibition is usually considered a hallmark of executive control. However, recent work indicates that stop performance can become associatively mediated ('automatic') over practice. This study investigated automatic response inhibition in sober and recently detoxified individuals with...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.01.003
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence that a significant number of children are exposed to risk factors associated with coronary heart disease has prompted health care professionals to develop programs designed to encourage the early development of a healthy life style. The present study used a multiple baseline approach to examine the effects of...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0005-7916(90)90027-i
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Information processing accounts of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) state that intrusive memories emerge due to a lack of integration between perceptual and contextual trauma representations in autobiographical memory. This hypothesis was tested experimentally using an analogue trauma par...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.04.002
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The purpose of the present study was to explore the association between reductions in symptoms of psychopathology and perceived centrality of negative autobiographical memories in participants with social anxiety disorder (SAD) or panic disorder (PD). METHODS:Thirty-nine individuals with SAD o...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.01.007
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Cognitive models propose that depression is caused by dysfunctional schemas that endure beyond the depressive episode, representing vulnerability factors for recurrence. However, research testing negative cognitions linked to dysfunctional schemas in formerly depressed individuals is still sca...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2013.09.008
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Although the influence of uncertainty and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) on anxiety pathologies has been well-established, only a few studies examined the interaction between uncertainty and IU in producing anxiety. Meanwhile, there is a lack of research utilizing experimental methods to mani...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.06.005
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper examines the interactive effects of acceptance-based coping and job control on task performance, subjective stress, and perceived control. Forty-eight undergraduate and graduate students first participated in brief educational programs based on either acceptance or control coping strategies. They then parti...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.08.005
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adopting a dimensional approach to experimental psychopathology, and taking into account inconsistencies in the previous literature, we examined whether reports of psychotic-like experiences in undergraduate students were associated with shift-learning deficits, akin to those seen in schizophrenia. The participants (N...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2004.10.002
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel behavioral method is described for the treatment of psychogenic polydipsia in a patient suffering from chronic schizophrenia. The patient was given feedback on serum sodium concentration, likely physical consequences, and the value of reducing fluid intake. An ABAB single-case design was used, with changes in ...
journal_title:Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0005-7916(93)90029-v
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00