Abstract:
:Robust auditory perception plays a pivotal function for processing behaviorally relevant sounds, particularly with distractions from the environment. The neuronal coding enabling this ability, however, is still not well understood. In this study, we recorded single-unit activity from the primary auditory cortex (A1) of awake marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) while delivering conspecific vocalizations degraded by two different background noises: broadband white noise and vocalization babble. Noise effects on neural representation of target vocalizations were quantified by measuring the responses' similarity to those elicited by natural vocalizations as a function of signal-to-noise ratio. A clustering approach was used to describe the range of response profiles by reducing the population responses to a summary of four response classes (robust, balanced, insensitive, and brittle) under both noise conditions. This clustering approach revealed that, on average, approximately two-thirds of the neurons change their response class when encountering different noises. Therefore, the distortion induced by one particular masking background in single-unit responses is not necessarily predictable from that induced by another, suggesting the low likelihood of a unique group of noise-invariant neurons across different background conditions in A1. Regarding noise influence on neural activities, the brittle response group showed addition of spiking activity both within and between phrases of vocalizations relative to clean vocalizations, whereas the other groups generally showed spiking activity suppression within phrases, and the alteration between phrases was noise dependent. Overall, the variable single-unit responses, yet consistent response types, imply that primate A1 performs scene analysis through the collective activity of multiple neurons. NEW & NOTEWORTHY:The understanding of where and how auditory scene analysis is accomplished is of broad interest to neuroscientists. In this paper, we systematically investigated neuronal coding of multiple vocalizations degraded by two distinct noises at various signal-to-noise ratios in nonhuman primates. In the process, we uncovered heterogeneity of single-unit representations for different auditory scenes yet homogeneity of responses across the population.
journal_name
J Neurophysioljournal_title
Journal of neurophysiologyauthors
Ni R,Bender DA,Shanechi AM,Gamble JR,Barbour DLdoi
10.1152/jn.00476.2016subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-02-01 00:00:00pages
713-727issue
2eissn
0022-3077issn
1522-1598pii
jn.00476.2016journal_volume
117pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We studied the responses of neurons in the inferior colliculus (IC) of cats to stimuli known to evoke the precedence effect (PE). This paper focuses on stimulus conditions that probe the neural mechanisms underlying the PE but that are not usually encountered in a natural situation. Experiments were conducted under bo...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.3.1302
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies examining the influence of afferent stimulation on corticospinal excitability have demonstrated that the intensity of afferent stimulation and the nature of the afferents targeted (cutaneous/proprioceptive) determine the effects. In this study, we assessed the effects of whole-hand water immersion (WI...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00161.2014
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::People perceive better in cardinal directions compared with oblique ones. This directional effect, called oblique effect, has been documented in perception studies for a long time. However, typical motor studies do not differentiate learning in different directions. In this study we identify a significant directional ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00787.2017
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two-Photon Processor (TPP) is a versatile, ready-to-use, and freely available software package in MATLAB to process data from in vivo two-photon calcium imaging. TPP includes routines to search for cell bodies in full-frame (Search for Neural Cells Accelerated; SeNeCA) and line-scan acquisition, routines for calcium s...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00087.2013
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are appealing tools to probe large neural ensembles and build neural prostheses. Microelectronics microfabrication technologies now allow building high-density MEAs containing several hundreds of microelectrodes. However, several major problems become limiting factors when the size of the ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00711.2011
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Slowness of voluntary movements in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) may be due to various factors, including attentional and cognitive deficits, delays in motor conduction time, and impairment of specific central nervous system circuits. In 13 healthy volunteers and 20 mildly disabled, relapsing-remitting MS pati...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00591.2014
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monitoring representative fractions of neurons from multiple brain circuits in behaving animals is necessary for understanding neuronal computation. Here, we describe a system that allows high-channel-count recordings from a small volume of neuronal tissue using a lightweight signal multiplexing headstage that permits...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00785.2013
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To explore neural mechanisms how olfactory information is processed in the brain and finally converted into behavior, it would be useful to have isolated whole brains that include both olfactory organs and motor output. In the present study, we identified an in vitro index of odor-evoked behavior in the terrestrial mo...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00247.2003
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Hair cells in whole-mount in vitro preparations of the utricular macula of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) were selected according to their macular location and hair bundle morphology. The voltage responses of selected hair cells to intracellular current steps and sinusoids in the frequency range of 0.5-200 Hz were...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1994.71.2.666
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Facial flushing in rosacea is often induced by trigger events. However, trigger causation mechanisms are currently unclear. This study tested the central hypothesis that rosacea causes sympathetic and axon reflex-mediated alterations resulting in trigger-induced symptomatology. Twenty rosacea patients and age/sex-matc...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00458.2015
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were made from guinea pig hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells. The sensitivity of paired pulse facilitation (PPF) and EPSC variance to changes in synaptic transmission was investigated and the results were compared with the changes in these p...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1993.70.4.1451
更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Motor performance induces a postexercise increase in corticomotor excitability that may be associated with motor learning. We investigated whether there are hemispheric differences in the extent and/or time course of changes in corticomotor excitability following a manipulation task (Purdue pegboard) and their relatio...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00595.2003
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensory neurons appear to adapt their gain to match the variance of signals along the dimension they encode, a property we shall call "contrast normalization." Contrast normalization has been the subject of extensive physiological and theoretical study. We previously found that neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleu...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00618.2006
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The responses of many neurons in primary visual cortex are modulated by stimuli outside the classical receptive field in ways that may contribute to integrative processes like scene segmentation. To explore this issue, single-unit neuronal responses were recorded in monkey cortical areas V1 and V2 to visual stimuli co...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00916.2001
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The core region of primate auditory cortex contains a primary and two primary-like fields (AI, primary auditory cortex; R, rostral field; RT, rostrotemporal field). Although it is reasonable to assume that multiple core fields provide an advantage for auditory processing over a single primary field, the differential r...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00884.2007
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetylcholine increases intracellular calcium of arterial chemoreceptor cells of adult cats. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2388-2395, 1997. Several neurotransmitters have been reported to play important roles in the chemoreception of the carotid body. Among them acetylcholine (ACh) appears to be involved in excitatory processe...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.78.5.2388
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Properties of nucleus incertus (NIC) neurons projecting to the cerebellar flocculus were studied in alert cats by using chronic unit and eye movement recording and antidromic activation. Projection of these neurons onto the flocculus was verified with retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase after injections ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1995.74.3.1367
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that the motor system may circumvent the difficulty of controlling many degrees of freedom in the musculoskeletal apparatus by generating motor outputs through a combination of discrete muscle synergies. How a discretely organized motor system compensates for diverse perturbations has remained el...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01387.2007
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. In the intact cat eye, the responses of ganglion cells to light stimulation were recorded extracellularly and the actions of iontophoretically applied 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB), a potent agonist at ON-bipolars, and of strychnine, a glycine antagonist, were investigated. 2. Under light-adapted conditions, th...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1988.59.6.1657
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Precisely synchronized neuronal activity has been commonly observed in the mammalian visual pathway. Spike timing correlations in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) often take the form of phase synchronized oscillations in the high gamma frequency range. To study the relations between oscillatory activity, synchrony...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.01000.2009
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Microelectrodes filled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were inserted in the superior colliculus (SC) of alert squirrel monkeys. Spontaneous eye movements were monitored in the dark during recording and intraaxonal injection of fibers carrying presaccadic signals. 2. Analysis of the relationship between neuronal a...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1988.60.1.263
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The strength-duration relationship for extracellular stimulation is often assumed to be similar to the classical intracellular stimulation model, with a slope asymptotically approaching 1/τ at pulse durations shorter than chronaxy. We modeled extracellular neural stimulation numerically and analytically for several ce...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00343.2010
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::EEG oscillations are hypothesized to reflect cyclical variations in the neuronal excitability, with particular frequency bands reflecting differing spatial scales of brain operation. However, despite decades of clinical and scientific investigation, there is no unifying theory of EEG organization, and the role of ongo...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00263.2005
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Biventer cervicis (BC) is an anatomically complex muscle that is divided by tendinous inscriptions into five in-series compartments of motor units. We have analyzed the fiber architecture and fiber-type composition of these different compartments using microdissection and histochemical methods. 2. BC narrows as it ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1988.60.1.46
更新日期:1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was prompted by recent evidence for the existence of positive force feedback in feline locomotor control. Our aim was to establish some basic properties of positive force feedback in relation to load compensation, stability, intrinsic muscle properties, and interaction with displacement feedback. In human s...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.6.3226
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, the predictive capability of surface and untargeted intramuscular electromyography (EMG) was compared with respect to wrist-joint torque to quantify which type of measurement better represents joint torque during multiple degrees-of-freedom (DoF) movements for possible application in prosthetic control....
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00086.2013
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The neocortex generates short epochs of persistent activity called up states, which are associated with changes in cellular and network excitability. Using somatosensory thalamocortical slices, we studied the impact of persistent cortical activity during spontaneous up states on intrinsic cellular excitability (input ...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00126.2009
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human ventral visual pathway is implicated in higher order form processing, but the organizational principles within this region are not yet well understood. Recently, Lafer-Sousa, Conway, and Kanwisher (J Neurosci 36: 1682-1697, 2016) used functional magnetic resonance imaging to demonstrate that functional respo...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00358.2016
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::During walking, maintenance and coordination of activity in leg motoneurons requires intersegmental signal transfer. In a semi-intact preparation of the stick insect, we studied membrane potential modulations in mesothoracic (middle leg) motoneurons and local premotor nonspiking interneurons that were induced by stepp...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.00493.2005
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The oculomotor system is well understood compared with other motor systems; however, we do not yet know the spatial details of sensory to motor transformations. This study addresses this issue by quantifying the spatial relationships between visual and motor responses in the superior colliculus (SC), a midbrain struct...
journal_title:Journal of neurophysiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1152/jn.90688.2008
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00