High doses of baicalin induces kidney injury and fibrosis through regulating TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.

abstract：:Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (OCDD) is a ubiquitous environmental pollutant which has been reported to be nontoxic following acute exposure but has recently been shown to accumulate upon repeated exposure. To determine if this accumulation results in toxic effects, male Fischer 344 rats were treated with 50 micrograms/k...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Couture LA,Elwell MR,Birnbaum LS

更新日期：1988-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of this study was to develop a biologically based dynamic model for predicting the distribution and elimination of methyl mercury and its metabolite, inorganic mercury, under a variety of exposure scenarios in rats. A model is proposed based on a multicompartment approach; each compartment represents an ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Carrier G,Brunet RC,Caza M,Bouchard M

更新日期：2001-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Arsenic-induced side effects limit its application in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). We recently demonstrated that AS3MT 14215 (rs3740390) genotypes were associated with urinary arsenic metabolites and hematological and biochemical values. To further decipher the role of AS3MT genotypes on arseni...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lu J,Yu K,Fan S,Liu W,Dong Z,Li J,Wang X,Hai X,Zhou J

更新日期：2019-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of KCN on cytosolic Ca2+ levels was measured in PC12 cells using Quin II/AM, a fluorometric calcium indicator. The resting cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, 115.0 +/- 4.9 nm, increased gradually and steadily over a 30-min time period following addition of 10(-4), 10(-3), or 10(-2)M KCN to the cells. After 15 mi...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Johnson JD,Conroy WG,Isom GE

更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Motor neuron disease is a devastating neurodegenerative condition, with the majority of sporadic, non-familial cases being of unknown etiology. Several epidemiological studies have suggested that occupational exposure to chemicals may be associated with disease pathogenesis. We report the case of a patient developing ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kanavouras K,Tzatzarakis MN,Mastorodemos V,Plaitakis A,Tsatsakis AM

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phytochemicals show promise as potential chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents against various cancers. Here we report the chemotherapeutic effects of berberine, a phytochemical, on human prostate cancer cells. The treatment of human prostate cancer cells (PC-3) with berberine induced dose-dependent apoptosis but...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Meeran SM,Katiyar S,Katiyar SK

更新日期：2008-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Following po administration of a nephrotoxic dose (200 mg/kg) of hexachloro-1:3-butadiene (HCBD) to male rats, the principal route of excretion was biliary, 17-20% of the dose being eliminated on each of the first 2 days. Fecal excretion over this period was less than 5% of the dose per day, suggesting enterohepatic r...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Nash JA,King LJ,Lock EA,Green T

更新日期：1984-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of tamoxifen on Ca(2+) signaling and viability in Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells was investigated by using fura-2 as a Ca(2+) probe. Tamoxifen evoked a rise in cytosolic free Ca(2+) levels ([Ca(2+)](i)) concentration-dependently between 1 and 50 microM with an EC50 of 10 microM. The response was dec...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Jan CR,Cheng JS,Chou KJ,Wang SP,Lee KC,Tang KY,Tseng LL,Chiang HT

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have confirmed that maternal tobacco smoking causes intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and skeletal growth retardation. Among a multitude of chemicals associated with cigarette smoking, nicotine is one of the leading candidates for causing low birth weights. However, the possible mechanism of dela...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Deng Y,Cao H,Cu F,Xu D,Lei Y,Tan Y,Magdalou J,Wang H,Chen L

更新日期：2013-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which is a key cofactor of the electron transport chain in the mitochondria has shown many beneficial effects on liver diseases. However, the mechanisms of CoQ10 protective role on the acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury are elusive and unclear. In this study, we further investigated the Co...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Zhang P,Chen S,Tang H,Fang W,Chen K,Chen X

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The disposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the respiratory tract of the Beagle dog was measured and presented in two previous papers. In this paper, the data were used to demonstrate that highly lipophilic toxicants, such as PAHs, were diffusion-limited during clearance from the respiratory tract. O...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Gerde P,Muggenburg BA,Henderson RF

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tissue concentrations of mercury were determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry in different inbred mouse strains after continuous treatment with HgCl2 (3 weekly sc injections of 0.5 mg/kg bw) for up to 12 weeks. Except for the thymus, in which steadily increasing mercury concentrations were found, in st...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Griem P,Scholz E,Turfeld M,Zander D,Wiesner U,Dunemann L,Gleichmann E

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute oral toxicity of Cd (as cadmium chloride) was enhanced in rats fasted 24 hr, as shown by a markedly decreased LD50. To examine the relationship among Cd toxicity, hepatic glutathione (GSH), and metallothionein (MT) during fasting, rats were administered 75 mg Cd/kg orally 24 hr after fasting and euthanized after...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Shimizu M,Morita S

更新日期：1990-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Toxicological and biochemical effects of muconaldehyde, a six-carbon diene dialdehyde, were evaluated in 6- to 9-week-old CD-1 male mice. The LD50 of trans,trans-muconaldehyde was 6.7 and 7.1 mg/kg body wt when calculated by two different methods. Administration of trans,trans-muconaldehyde (2 mg/kg, ip) daily for 10 ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Witz G,Rao GS,Goldstein BD

更新日期：1985-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The Bcl-2 family contains a panel of proteins which are conserved regulators of apoptosis in mammalian cells, like the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. According to its significant role in altering susceptibility to apoptosis, the deciphering of the mechanism of Bcl-2 expression modulation may be crucial for identifying ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Liang X,Xu K,Xu Y,Liu J,Qian X

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In many neuropathologies activated microglia and macrophages cause neurotoxicity and prolong the inflammatory response. We have previously characterized the glycosphingolipid Neurostatin (Nst), which potentially reduces these detrimental mechanisms. Nst, isolated from mammalian brain, is the GD1b ganglioside with O-ac...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Yanguas-Casás N,Ojalvo-Sanz AC,Martínez-Vázquez A,Goneau MF,Gilbert M,Nieto-Sampedro M,Romero-Ramírez L

更新日期：2019-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:To evaluate the functional significance of bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide (TBTO)-induced thymus atrophy, lymphocyte depletion in spleen and lymph nodes, lymphopenia, and increased serum IgM and decreased IgG concentrations, in vivo and in vitro function studies were performed for specific and nonspecific resistance. Weaned ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Vos JG,de Klerk A,Krajnc EI,Kruizinga W,van Ommen B,Rozing J

更新日期：1984-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemicals from anthropogenic and natural origins enter animal feed, human food and water either as undesirable contaminants or as part of the components of a diet. Over the last five decades, considerable efforts and progress to develop methodologies to protect humans and animals against potential risks associated wit...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Dorne JL,Fink-Gremmels J

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report that there is a time-related change in the phospholipase C (PLC) activities of rat brain cytosol and membrane fractions after iv injection of a soman-like or a sarin-like organophosphorous agent (bis(isopropyl methyl)phosphonate [BIMP] and bis(pinacolyl methyl)phosphonate [BPMP]). PLCgamma was activated in t...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Niijima H,Nagao M,Nakajima M,Takatori T,Matsuda Y,Iwase H,Kobayashi M

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The prediction and understanding of acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury (APAP-ILI) and the response to therapeutic interventions is complex. This is due in part to sensitivity and specificity limitations of currently used assessment techniques. Here we sought to determine the utility of integrating translational...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Brillant N,Elmasry M,Burton NC,Rodriguez JM,Sharkey JW,Fenwick S,Poptani H,Kitteringham NR,Goldring CE,Kipar A,Park BK,Antoine DJ

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of two concentrations of dietary acid (sulfuric acid) or aluminum (aluminum sulfate) on growth and growth-related hormones was examined in a heavy (broiler) strain of chicken between 4 and 18 days old. Growth (body weight, average daily gain, and tibial length) in chicks receiving either dietary acid or alu...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Capdevielle MC,Scanes CG

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High- and low- Se diets received by dams during gestation and lactation are related to insulin resistance in their pups. High-Se diet leads to an increase in serum insulin levels, which does not function properly, and an anabolic process. Low-Se diet is related to very low insulin values and an extreme catabolic energ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Ojeda ML,Carreras O,Díaz-Castro J,Murillo ML,Nogales F

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fumonisins are carcinogenic to rats and are suspected human carcinogens. However, the mechanism(s) of carcinogenesis of fumonisn B1 (FB1) is poorly understood. Multiple signal transduction pathways such as protein kinase C (PKC) have been shown to play an important role in carcinogenesis. This study was undertaken to ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Yeung JM,Wang HY,Prelusky DB

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the monocrotaline (MCT) model of pulmonary hypertension, the pulmonary vascular endothelium is the likely early target of the reactive metabolite monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP). Incubation of cultured bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (BPAEC) with MCTP results in covalent binding to DNA, cell cycle arrest, ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Thomas HC,Lamé MW,Dunston SK,Segall HJ,Wilson DW

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of air pollution on human health are a great concern, particularly in big cities with severe traffic problems such as Bangkok, Thailand. In this study, exposure to genotoxic compounds in ambient air was studied by analysis of particle-associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and benzene through d...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Ruchirawat M,Navasumrit P,Settachan D,Tuntaviroon J,Buthbumrung N,Sharma S

更新日期：2005-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：:This study was conducted to evaluate UDP-glucuronosyl-transferase (UDP-GT) activity, UDP-glucuronic acid (UDP-GA) concentration, and UDP-glucose (UDPG) concentration in the rat intestine and liver following oral administration of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), phenoba...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Goon D,Klaassen CD

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure protocols were designed to ask whether lung damage in rats exposed to either ozone or nitrogen dioxide is proportional to dose rate or to cumulative dose. Thus, the response of rats to a constant product of concentration of oxidant air pollutant and time of exposure (C x T) was evaluated for 3-day exposures o...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Gelzleichter TR,Witschi H,Last JA

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural flavonoids have diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the action of 5-methoxyflavanone (5-MF) which has a strong bioavailability and metabolic stability. Our results show tha...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Shin SY,Hyun J,Yu JR,Lim Y,Lee YH

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR, NR1I3) has been newly described as a regulator of energy metabolism. A relevant number of studies using animal models of obesity suggest that CAR activation could be beneficial on the metabolic balance. However, this remains controversial and the underlying mechanisms are sti...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Marmugi A,Lukowicz C,Lasserre F,Montagner A,Polizzi A,Ducheix S,Goron A,Gamet-Payrastre L,Gerbal-Chaloin S,Pascussi JM,Moldes M,Pineau T,Guillou H,Mselli-Lakhal L

更新日期：2016-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial agent commonly found in a variety of personal care products and cosmetics. TCS readily enters the environment through wastewater and is detected in human plasma, urine, and breast milk due to its widespread use. Studies have implicated TCS as a disruptor of thyroid and estrogen sign...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Haggard DE,Noyes PD,Waters KM,Tanguay RL

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00