Abstract:
:Many drugs with which to treat reversible obstructive airway disease are available. Beta-adrenergic aerosols are the first line of defense; these are followed, when necessary, by either timed-release theophylline or oral beta-adrenergics. Often, a combination of these drugs must be used to achieve effective relief of symptoms. Once-daily theophylline preparations can be extremely effective in patients who need regular medication and in whom gastrointestinal upset or compliance is a problem. In patients who have frequent setbacks, occasional courses of tapered doses of steroid are necessary. When oral steroids are necessary regularly, the physician should consider using an aerosol corticosteroid, cromolyn sodium, or both. These drugs can be used daily with relative safety. However, only a small amount (ie, no more than 12%) of an inhaled medication reaches the lungs. In selected patients, regular doses of cromolyn sodium are used for prophylaxis and may preclude the need for theophylline or oral beta-adrenergics, which can have deleterious effects in adults and children. Cromolyn sodium is most effective if used before exercise or exposure to animals. Research is continuing on more effective and longer-acting beta-adrenergic aerosols and oral preparations.
journal_name
Postgrad Medjournal_title
Postgraduate medicineauthors
O'Loughlin JMdoi
10.1080/00325481.1987.11699911subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1987-07-01 00:00:00pages
231-8issue
1eissn
0032-5481issn
1941-9260journal_volume
82pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Many aspects of Kawasaki syndrome remain a mystery. The cause of the disease has eluded researchers, and its pathophysiology is a subject of much debate. However, the diagnostic features have been identified: A significant fever for at least 5 days, bilateral nonexudative conjunctivitis, erythema of the palms and sole...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primary care physicians have an important role in diagnosing and treating eye disorders--including dacryocystitis, blepharitis, and conjunctivitis--and in determining when ophthalmologic referral is needed. Fundus examination for diagnosis of glaucoma and diabetic eye complications should be a part of the routine exam...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma is treated by avoiding the precipitants of symptoms, by a trial of hyposensitization (immunotherapy) if the precipitant cannot be avoided, and principally by pharmacologic therapy. Acute attacks have been most widely treated with epinephrine, but adrenergic aerosol bronchodilators and aminophylline are being us...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1976.11714330
更新日期:1976-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the evaluation of male and female infertility the history, family history, physical examination, and endocrine and gonadal functional evaluations are the most informative measures. The cause of the infertility is never found in some 17.5% of couples and in almost one fourth of males. In over one third of cases male...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1979.11715204
更新日期:1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two distinct subpopulations in the pediatric age-group are particularly at risk for poisoning, and the substances likely to be ingested by each group differ. The method of critical care given here incorporates consideration of specific types of poisoning into an overall plan of general diagnostic and therapeutic measu...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1982.11716152
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients presenting with typical signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis may respond to avoidance of allergens and to medications for symptomatic relief. Treatment may include antihistamines, decongestants, cromolyn sodium, and/or topical nasal steroids. Patients whose symptoms are refractory to these therapeutic meas...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1987.11699668
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rate of decrease in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in the United States has slowed, probably in association with the aging of the population and the increasing rates of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes. Worldwide, guidelines for reducing risk of CHD and lowering lipid levels must continue to evolv...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3810/pgm.09.2004.suppl34.206
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluoroquinolone-resistant variants of pandemic clones Spain(23F)-1, Spain(6B)-2, Spain(9V)-3, and Spain(14)-5 have been seen in various regions of the United States and the world, leading to the speculation that fluoroquinolone resistance among US Streptococcus pneumoniae may increase because of clonal spread. Using l...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3810/pgm.2008.09.suppl52.283
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In view of all the controversy surrounding travelers' diarrhea, how should patients be counseled regarding its prevention and treatment? First, all patients should be instructed on the importance of eating and drinking only safe food and water and on methods of dietary manipulation and oral rehydration therapy. The tr...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1985.11698933
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Readers are invited to submit questions relating to problem cases. Inquiries will be answered by qualified consultants and replies forwarded by mail promptly. Selected problems and solutions are published every month in this section. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1985.11698867
更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:With rising health care costs in the United States, trainees will be increasingly challenged in discussing testing stewardship with patients. OBJECTIVE:We piloted a high-value care (HVC) communication skills curriculum utilizing the Four Habits Model for communication. We hoped residents would 1) learn to...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.2020.1807728
更新日期:2020-08-22 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma continues to cause unacceptably high rates of disability and death, largely because the severity of disease is underestimated and patients are inadequately educated about their disease. When patients understand what happens during an asthma attack and its aftermath, they are more likely to notice important symp...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 指南,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1991.11701034
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To identify attitudes and practices of endocrinologists (ENDOs), family practitioners (FPs), internists (IMs), primary care nurse practitioners (NPs), physician assistants (PAs), certified diabetes educators (CDEs), retail pharmacists (R-PHs), and hospital pharmacists (H-PHs) with respect to type 2 diabetes m...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3810/pgm.2014.05.2764
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Remittent isolated palsy of peripheral or of upper cranial nerves in patients with diabetes mellitus is well documented, but paralysis of a lower cranial nerve or an isolated branch of any cranial nerve has not been previously reported. In the case described, temporary paralysis of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve c...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1988.11700420
更新日期:1988-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent sustained cardiac arrhythmia, yet because AF can often be intermittent or lacking in overt symptoms, its prevalence is underestimated, and it may be diagnosed only incidentally. Because AF is a potent ischemic stroke risk factor and stroke rates are similar for paroxysmal...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2011.03.2260
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Venous thromboembolism is a serious and, often, asymptomatic complication of hip surgery. A reliable screening test is needed to detect thrombi early to prevent death from pulmonary emboli. Noninvasive screening tests were ineffective in our study of 453 patients. We recommend early use of ventilation/perfusion lung s...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1986.11699529
更新日期:1986-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::In developed countries, prevalence is increasing of malignancy-related secondary lymphedema, usually resulting from lymph node resection or irradiation. Untreated lymphedema usually increases over time, and the physical and psychological sequelae in even mild cases demand appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Patients ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.1998.10.450
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::When a patient presents with involuntary weight loss, the etiologic considerations can be overwhelming. To plan a cost-effective workup, physicians need to be aware of the most common causes of weight loss and the tests that yield the most pertinent data. Drs Wise and Craig review the clinical studies on unintentional...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the US population aging steadily, herpes zoster represents a growing contributor to diminished quality of life. Dermatologic manifestations appear as immunity declines with age but rarely pose a significant threat, except in instances when ocular structures are involved. Pain is of more concern, because it usuall...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2000.06.1114
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Persistent hoarseness in a patient should always alert the physician to the possibility of laryngeal carcinoma. Prompt visualization of the larynx is essential, particularly in high-risk patients over 40 years of age without a history of upper respiratory infection. Mirror examination (indirect laryngoscopy) is the us...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1980.11715452
更新日期:1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normalization of serum lipid levels should be initiated as soon as possible in patients with myocardial, cerebrovascular, or peripheral vascular disease. Clinical trials indicate that coronary artery disease and overall mortality rates can be reduced and atherosclerosis stabilized or reversed by lipid-lowering therapy...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1991.11700787
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with protracted depression respond well to long-term maintenance antidepressant therapy. A precise diagnosis is a prerequisite to therapeutic decisions. Diagnosis may be missed and treatment inadequate if symptoms are attributed solely to aging or to life's circumstances. Proper dosage is determined by the pa...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1989.11700579
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thymomas may be discovered during routine evaluation, through reported symptoms, or increasingly, during evaluation for myasthenia gravis. Histologic details of these tumors have little bearing on prognosis or evaluation of malignant potential. Malignancy is determined by evidence of invasion through the tumor capsule...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1986.11699321
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of opioids for patients with chronic noncancer pain has increased dramatically, and with increasing use there is increasing concern about the potential for abuse and addiction during long-term treatment. Clinicians should avoid viewing formal or subjective risk assessment as a means of classifying patients int...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2014.09.2810
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preview Just when it appeared that diuretics were becoming obsolete in the attack against hypertension, they have come charging back to the fore. This is especially true in treatment of systolic hypertension in the elderly. The perspective on diuretics and their recommendations for administration have changed recently...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1993.11945699
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Systolic hypertension, especially isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) is very common in older subjects aged ≥ 65 years and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), strokes, heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is also, directly and linearly related with these complications irrespect...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.2018.1433434
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allergy is responsible for many problems in the pediatric age-group. At times the most difficult job for the physician is to determine if the patient is indeed allergic and, if so, to what. Allergy skin testing remains the first choice for diagnostic study. Treatment consists of avoiding the offending allergen if poss...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1984.11716317
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 65-year-old woman presented to the hospital with weight loss and diarrhea. A diagnosis of thyroid storm was established by the presence of fever, lethargy, tachycardia, heart failure (HF), and abnormal thyroid function tests. An acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was suspected because of anteroseptal ST-segment elevation...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3810/pgm.2009.05.2012
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To review glucose-lowering efficacy and changes in renal function associated with sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). DATA SOURCES:A literature search of MEDLINE and Cochrane databases was performed from 2000...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.2019.1549459
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because new drugs continue to be developed, physicians treating patients with type 2 diabetes have a wide range of agents from which to choose. The newest class, the thiazolidinediones (TZDs), should be a mainstay of treatment for most patients with type 2 diabetes, because these agents reduce insulin resistance as we...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00