Risk Factors for Myocardial Infarction in Women and Men: A Review of the Current Literature.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular disease has been the leading cause of death in both sexes in developed countries for decades. In general, men and women share the same cardiovascular risk factors. However, in recent trials including both men and women sexspecific analyses have raised awareness of sex differences in cardiovascular risk factors due to both biological and cultural differences. RESULTS:Women experience their first myocardial infarction (MI) 6-10 years later than men and a protective effect of their natural estrogen status prior to menopause has been suggested. Female sex hormones have been associated with a less atherogenic lipid profile and a more healthy fat distribution. These differences are attenuated following menopause. Regarding life style the prevalence of smoking is highest in men but female smokers have a relatively higher cardiovascular risk than male smokers. Men are more physically active than women while women have healthier dietary habits. Genetic factors also affect cardiovascular risk but no sex differences have been seen. Increased cardiovascular risk attributed to psychosocial distress is similar in men and women, but since women are more prone to psychosocial distress their burden of disease is greater. Compared with a healthy population the relative risk of MI in a diabetic population is higher in women than in men. No sex difference exists in the prevalence of hypertension but it has an earlier onset in men. CONCLUSION:Sex differences in cardiovascular risk are becoming more apparent and paying attention to this is pivotal when addressing risk factors in preventive efforts.

journal_name

Curr Pharm Des

authors

Pedersen LR,Frestad D,Michelsen MM,Mygind ND,Rasmusen H,Suhrs HE,Prescott E

doi

10.2174/1381612822666160309115318

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-01-01 00:00:00

pages

3835-52

issue

25

eissn

1381-6128

issn

1873-4286

pii

CPD-EPUB-74296

journal_volume

22

pub_type

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