Abstract:
:This manuscript provides an overview for analysts, medical and scientific investigators, and laboratory administrators, the range of factors that should be considered to implement best practice forensic toxicology. These include laboratory influence over the collection of specimens, their proper transport and chain-of-custody before arrival in the laboratory. In addition, the laboratory needs to ensure properly trained staff use suitably validated and documented analytical procedures that meet the intended purpose and type of case in an accredited or suitably quality oriented management system. To assist the investigating officers laboratory results require an interpretation over their possible significance when sufficient details are available over the circumstances of the case. This requires a thorough understanding of the various factors that influence concentrations of substances and ultimately their likely physiological effect. These include consideration of the route of ingestion, influence over chronicity of usage on tissue concentrations and tolerance, possible combined drug effects or likely adverse reactions and consideration of relevant genetic factors that may have influenced pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic response.
journal_name
Curr Pharm Desjournal_title
Current pharmaceutical designauthors
Drummer OHdoi
10.2174/1381612823666170704123836subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-01-01 00:00:00pages
5437-5441issue
36eissn
1381-6128issn
1873-4286pii
CPD-EPUB-84476journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Hypericin is a naturally occurring substance found in the common St. John's Wort (Hypericum species) and can also be synthesized from the anthraquinone derivative emodin. As the main component of Hypericum perforatum, it has traditionally been used throughout the history of folk medicine. In the last three decades, hy...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612053382287
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Runx2/Cbfa/AML3 is a member of the runt homology domain family of transcription factors, essential for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Defining the molecular mechanisms by which Runx2 can function as a master regulatory gene for activating the program of osteoblastogenesis has provided novel insights fo...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612033453659
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinically most relevant medications for lipid management are the statins, which constitute in the majority of the cases the basis of any lipid-modulating therapy. However, other agents are often needed to either reduce low-density cholesterol to target levels and/or to treat residual serum lipoprotein abnormaliti...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612811319170017
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growth factors (GFs) are extracellular signaling polypeptides regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. They exert a wide spectrum of biological activities selectively binding to and activating specific membrane receptors which then transfer the message to cell interior inducing specific biochemical...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161209788682235
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipid markers are well established predictors of vascular disease. The most frequently measured lipid variables are total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides. In this review we consider the predictive value of these variables and other more specialis...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612054367409
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A high dietary intake of polyphenols has been associated with a reduced cardiovascular mortality, due to their antioxidant properties. However, growing evidence suggests that counteracting oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease might also reduce sympathetic nervous system overactivity. METHODS:This arti...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612823666171114170642
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperferritinemia is observed in one-third of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). The condition characterized by increased body iron stores associated with components of MetS has been defined as Dysmetabolic Iron Overload Syndrome (DIOS). DIOS represents the most freq...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612826666200131103018
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization, is a newly emerging zoonotic agent that emerged in China in December 2019. No specific treatment for COVID-19 is currently available. Usual palliative treatment includes ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1381612826666200707121636
更新日期:2020-07-07 00:00:00
abstract::Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy among women worldwide. While more than 90% of cervical cancers carry one or more high risk HPV types, the exact relationship between HPV oncoproteins and signaling pathways alterations in cervical cancer remains to be clarified. Vaccines and targeted therapies are t...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161213804805577
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, the simple paradigm of adipose tissue as merely a fat store is rapidly evolving into a complex paradigm of this tissue as multipotential secretory organ, partitioned into a few large depots, including visceral and subcutaneous location, and many small depots, associated with a variety of organs in the...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612033455152
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Improvements in the radiotherapeutic management of solid tumors through the concurrent use of gene therapy is a realistic possibility. Of the broad array of candidate genes that have been evaluated, those encoding prodrug-activating enzymes are particularly appealing since they directly complement ongoing clinical che...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612033454117
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is now recognised as an important modulator of various central nervous system processes. More recently, an increasing body of evidence has accumulated to suggest antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective roles of ECS. In this review we discuss the role and therapeutic potentia...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/13816128113199990434
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the classical renin angiotensin system (RAS), angiotensin II Ang IIplays many important roles in cardiovascular disease and in kidney, brain, and other organs via the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1). The RAS consists of many angiotensin peptides, including Ang (1-7), Ang (1-9), Ang (2-8), and Ang IV. Ang (1-7), produc...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612811319170013
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can self-renew indefinitely, while maintaining the capacity to differentiate into useful somatic cell types, including cardiomyocytes. As such, these stem cell types represent an essentially inexhaustible source of committed human cardiomyo...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161209788923804
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Opioids constitute the basis for pharmacological treatment of moderate to severe pain in cancer pain and non-cancer pain patients. Their action is mediated by the activation of opioid receptors, which integrates the pain modulation system with other effects in the central nervous system including cognition resulting i...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161212803582522
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemotherapy is one of the most frequently employed and reliable treatment options for the management of a variety of cancers. Taxanes (paclitaxel, docetaxel and cabazitaxel) are frequently prescribed to treat breast cancer, hormone refractory prostate cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and ovarian cancer. Most of the...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612822666160524144926
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:High prevalence of Dental and periodontal problems during the gestation period may have a negative effect on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in pregnant women. This systematic review aimed to perform a quality assessment and provide a critical overview of the current research available on OHRQoL ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1381612826666200523171639
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::First generation drug-eluting stents (DES) have significantly improved the treatment options for patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease by decreasing rates of acute vessel closure and restenosis after percutaneous coronary revascularization procedures. However, early enthusiasm was temperd by reports of lat...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161210794454879
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Arterial hypertension (AH) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) frequently coincide. While significant attention is paid to AH, PAD is often underestimated. It is known that both AH and PAD present high cardiovascular risks for ischemic events. To date, the use of the most common anti-hypertensive drugs in ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612823666170608083605
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sulphur mustard (SM; (2, 2'-dichloroethylsulfide)) was used for the first time in 1917, during the World War I. SM mainly induces DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This compound injures the respiratory system, eyes, skin and the endocrine, gastrointestinal, and hematopoietic systems. However, due to the ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612824666180903112218
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The maintenance and regulation of cellular NAD(P)(H) content and its influence on cell function involves many metabolic pathways, some of which remain poorly understood. Niacin deficiency in humans, which leads to low NAD status, causes sun sensitivity in skin, indicative of deficiencies in responding to UV damage. An...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161209787185760
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene therapy may be capable of treating a variety of diseases, a prerequisite of which is the successful delivery of polynucleic acids (e.g., DNA, RNA) to a patient's cells. Delivery can be achieved technologically (e.g., using electroporation), using viruses (natural gene delivery vectors) or non-viral vectors (e.g.,...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612823666170710124137
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Preterm birth is the major cause of perinatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. Attempts to reduce the burden may be proactive using biochemical or biophysical prediction and preventative measures. If these efforts fail, then the approach may have to be reactive using tocolytics to inhibit spontaneous prete...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612825666190329124214
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In drug development, in vitro human model systems are absolutely essential prior to the clinical trials, considering the increasing number of chemical compounds in need of testing, and, keeping in mind that animals cannot predict all the adverse human health effects and reactions, due to the species-specific differenc...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612822666161025155616
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severe asthma is a complex heterogeneous disease with substantial unmet clinical need. Understanding the immunopathogenesis is likely to provide insights into potential novel therapies. To date researchers have focussed primarily at a single scale for example genome, cell or whole organ physiology. In this review we s...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161211795429028
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cardiovascular disease has been the leading cause of death in both sexes in developed countries for decades. In general, men and women share the same cardiovascular risk factors. However, in recent trials including both men and women sexspecific analyses have raised awareness of sex differences in cardiovasc...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612822666160309115318
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We herein reviewed the mechanism underlying the gastric hyperemic response following barrier disruption, with a focus on cyclooxygenase (COX) isozymes, prostaglandin (PG) E2, and capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons. Mucosal damage was induced by exposing the stomach to 20 mM taurocholate (TC) with 50 mM HCl. The TC t...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612821666150514105248
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:New Oral Anticoagulants (NOACs) are effective and widely used to prevent and treat thromboembolic diseases, but the response to NOACs differs according to ABCB1 genotypes. OBJECTIVE:We investigated the effects of ABCB1 genotypes on the pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes of NOACs. METHODS:We searched Pu...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612824666181018153641
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Periodontal disease is chronic inflammation of periodontal tissues resulting in formation of periodontal pockets, periodontal attachment loss and progressive destruction of the ligament and alveolar bone. This review gives an update on periodontal disease pathogenesis, which is important for the development of novel m...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612821666150531171829
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe vascular complication of connective tissue diseases. In the context of systemic sclerosis (SSc), PAH is a devastating disease with a dramatic impact on prognosis and survival. Despite advances in early diagnosis and the development of new targeted treatments, SSc-relat...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161212799504704
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00