Abstract:
:Total urinary phthalate metabolites (the free plus glucuronidated forms) have been frequently measured in the general population. However, data are limited on the free forms which may be more bioactive, especially for sensitive population such as pregnant women. Here the data gap was addressed by measuring concentrations of free and total forms of six phthalate metabolites in 293 urine samples from pregnant women at delivery, who were randomly selected from the prospective Healthy Baby Cohort (HBC), China. We observed detectable concentrations of the total amount of phthalate metabolites in all urine samples. The geometric mean (GM) urinary concentrations of free and total mono-butyl phthalate (MBP) (5.20, 54.49ng/mL) were the highest, followed by mono-(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP) (4.52, 7.27ng/mL). For most of phthalate metabolites, urinary concentrations were significantly higher in women who were nulliparous. Significantly higher concentrations of mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) were found in women who had higher educational level. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the free and total forms of phthalate metabolites among pregnant women in China. The results suggest that exposure characteristics may be related to parity and education.
journal_name
Environ Intjournal_title
Environment internationalauthors
Zhu Y,Wan Y,Li Y,Zhang B,Zhou A,Cai Z,Qian Z,Zhang C,Huo W,Huang K,Hu J,Cheng L,Chang H,Huang Z,Xu B,Xia W,Xu Sdoi
10.1016/j.envint.2015.12.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-03-01 00:00:00pages
67-73eissn
0160-4120issn
1873-6750pii
S0160-4120(15)30108-2journal_volume
88pub_type
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