Probing Ligand Structure-Activity Relationships in Pregnane X Receptor (PXR): Efavirenz and 8-Hydroxyefavirenz Exhibit Divergence in Activation.

Abstract:

:Efavirenz (EFV), an antiretroviral that interacts clinically with co-administered drugs via activation of the pregnane X receptor (PXR), is extensively metabolized by the cytochromes P450. We tested whether its primary metabolite, 8-hydroxyEFV (8-OHEFV) can activate PXR and potentially contribute to PXR-mediated drug-drug interactions attributed to EFV. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that despite only differing from EFV by an oxygen atom, 8-OHEFV does not activate PXR. Corroborating this, treatment with EFV for 72 h elevated the mRNA abundance of the PXR target gene, Cyp3a11, by approximately 28-fold in primary hepatocytes isolated from PXR-humanized mice, whereas treatment with 8-OHEFV did not result in a change in Cyp3A11 mRNA levels. FRET-based competitive binding assays and isothermal calorimetry demonstrated that even with the lack of ability to activate PXR, 8-OHEFV displays an affinity for PXR (IC50 12.1 μm; KD 7.9 μm) nearly identical to that of EFV (IC50 18.7 μm; KD 12.5 μm). The use of 16 EFV analogues suggest that other discreet changes to the EFV structure beyond the 8-position are well tolerated. Molecular docking simulations implicate an 8-OHEFV binding mode that may underlie its divergence in PXR activation from EFV.

journal_name

ChemMedChem

journal_title

ChemMedChem

authors

Narayanan B,Lade JM,Heck CJS,Dietz KD,Wade H,Bumpus NN

doi

10.1002/cmdc.201700730

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-04-06 00:00:00

pages

736-747

issue

7

eissn

1860-7179

issn

1860-7187

journal_volume

13

pub_type

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