Abstract:
:The idea of using small RNA fragments (oligonucleotides) for therapeutic purposes dates back to the 1990s, following the landmark discoveries on the mechanisms of gene silencing and RNA-interference (RNA-i). However, the first applications in medicine were hampered by difficulties in chemical stabilization and efficient delivery to target tissues. Recent advances in chemical manipulation of oligonucleotides have, at least partially, bypassed such obstacles. In particular, conjugation with ligands for specific receptors allows the selective uptake of oligonucleotides by critical cells (e.g., hepatocytes), where they inhibit the synthesis of the target protein by binding the complementary mRNA and inducing its degradation. In parallel, next-generation sequencing (NGS) studies at population levels have identified a number of key molecular targets, mainly through the discovery of "human knock-outs," i.e., subjects lacking a given protein because of nonsense mutations in the corresponding gene. Such highly informative individuals are often healthy, or even protected from the development of certain diseases. Indeed, subjects with null mutations in certain genes controlling lipoprotein metabolism like PCSK9 or ANGPTL-3 have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease. Since the complete absence of such proteins does not appear to carry any negative health effect, the corresponding genes are ideal candidates for the silencing approach. Pilot clinical trials with long acting anti-PCSK9 or anti-ANGPTL-3 oligonucleotides have yielded very promising results, so that their use as "vaccines" against atherosclerosis has been suggested in the future. As therapeutic oligonucleotides can virtually target innumerable proteins, their increasing development is predicted to substantially expand the repertoire of the "biological drugs," in addition to, or even substituting, more consolidated approaches like monoclonal antibodies.
journal_name
Intern Emerg Medjournal_title
Internal and emergency medicineauthors
Girelli D,Busti F,Marchi G,Martinelli N,Olivieri Odoi
10.1007/s11739-018-1810-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-04-01 00:00:00pages
313-318issue
3eissn
1828-0447issn
1970-9366pii
10.1007/s11739-018-1810-5journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The predisposition, infection/insult, response, and organ dysfunction (PIRO) staging system for septic patients allows grouping of heterogeneous patients into homogeneous subgroups. The purposes of this single-center, prospective, observational cohort study were to create a PIRO system for patients with community-acqu...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11739-013-0969-z
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whether there is a link between venous and arterial thrombotic disorders is still a matter of debate. They share common risk factors, such as old age, male sex and obesity. Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation are likely to play a role in determining the simultaneous involvement of the two vascular compartments. U...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11739-019-02238-6
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis (cHP) is a fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD) resulting from inhalation of different organic substances and chemical compounds determining an inflammatory and immunological response in sensitized individuals. KL-6, a human mucin protein expressed by type 2 pneumocytes, has be...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11739-020-02281-8
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this systematic review was to assess AKI (acute kidney injury) in adult patients, treated with vancomycin (V) + piperacillin/tazobactam (PT) compared to V monotherapy. Studies were found in Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. Articles not in English, pediatric studies and case reports were excluded...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11739-020-02287-2
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Auto-titrating noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has been developed as a new mode applying variable expiratory-positive airway pressure (EPAP) in addition to variable inspiratory pressures (IPAP), both to deliver targeted tidal volume (VT) and to eliminate upper airway resistance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate ...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11739-018-1821-2
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In heart failure survival is closely related to functional capacity. Peak O2 consumption at cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is considered the gold standard for the evaluation of exercise tolerance. Since >70% of patients with heart failure, usually elderly or with significant comorbidities, are referred to Depart...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11739-008-0130-6
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ethnic minority groups are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The reasons for the high prevalence of CVD in ethnic minority groups are not fully understood. Recently, the importance of early-life developmental factors and their impact on CVDs in adulthood is increasingly being recognised, b...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11739-015-1272-y
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetic and acquired motor-neuron-disorders (MNDs) may undergo acute deterioration resulting in various emergency situations. This literature review aims at summarising and discussing current knowledge about emergencies in MNDs. Emergencies that have been reported in MND patients include: respiratory, bulbar, cardiac,...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11739-017-1644-6
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical features of COVID-19 have been mostly described in hospitalized patients with and without ICU admission. Yet, up to 80% of patients are managed in an outpatient setting. This population is poorly documented. In France, health authorities recommend outpatient management of patients presenting mild-to-moderate ...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11739-020-02379-z
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose was to examine the association between e-cigarette use and smoking cessation according to quit duration in Greece in 2017. A cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of adults living in Attica prefecture was performed in May 2017 through telephone interviews. The present analysis was confined to c...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11739-018-02023-x
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:In marathon runners changes in red blood cell count, haematocrit and haemoglobin in relation to haemodilution have been reported. Moreover, it has been hypothesized that strenuous exercise induces oxidant stress through several different mechanisms. This study investigated the haematological variables, iron s...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02934717
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing evidence shows an association between high lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels and atherothrombotic diseases. Lp(a) trait is largely controlled by kringle-IV type 2 (KIV-2) size polymorphism in LPA gene, encoding for apo(a). Environmental factors are considered to determinate minor phenotypic variability in Lp(a)...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11739-020-02276-5
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum potassium homeostasis play an important role in myocardial function, but the impact of serum potassium levels on long-term mortality has not been well evaluated. In the current study, we investigated patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and analyzed the relationship between admission serum potassium level...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11739-015-1253-1
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aims at evaluating the prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in a group of 319 hypertensive patients with stage 3b-4-5 chronic kidney disease (according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes classification), compared with 216 patients with essential hypertension and normal renal functio...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11739-019-02028-0
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer patients are at risk of infectious complications due to neutropenia following chemotherapy or early post-HSCT (Hemato Stem Cell Transplantation). The first episode of fever during recent onset neutropenia is caused mostly by bacteria, while subsequent episodes are mainly fungal in nature. Proper management of i...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11739-010-0456-8
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this investigation was to investigate the association between first attempt success and intubation-related complications in the Intensive Care Unit after the widespread adoption of video laryngoscopy. We further sought to characterize and identify the predictors of complications that occur despite first...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11739-016-1549-9
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inconsistent findings in the studies have been observed concerning the higher dose of statins use in the acute phase of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA). Therefore, we performed a systematic review to assess this issue. A computerized literature search in PubMed, Cochrane Library databases, and EMBA...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11739-017-1650-8
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined as an elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure at rest (mPAP ≥ 25 mmHg), evaluated by right heart catheterization (RHC). The aim of the present study was to evaluate HRCT findings in relation to transthoracic echocardiographic data to better characterize PH in IPF patients and to ...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11739-020-02539-1
更新日期:2020-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::Direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) are a class of anticoagulants that bind selectively to thrombin and block its interaction with its substrates. Dabigatran etexilate and AZD0837, the new generation of DTIs, are now under intense development, and are potentially of great interest for internists. Dabigatran etexilate is...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11739-009-0314-8
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the influenza season, most patients suspected of having influenza undergo rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) in Japan despite their low sensitivity. However, the physician's actual rationale for prescribing antivirals, besides the results of RIDTs, remains poorly understood. Our study sought to identify t...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11739-020-02570-2
更新日期:2021-01-02 00:00:00
abstract::Upper extremities deep venous thrombosis (UEDVT) is a rare condition. According to the literature, approximately 4-10% of all cases of venous thrombosis may involve the subclavian, axillary or brachial veins. In the last few decades, the incidence of UEDVT has increased because of more frequent use of central venous c...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11739-009-0320-x
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cryoablation (CA) emerged as an alternative procedure to radiofrequency (RF). The aim of this study was to compare haemostatic system alterations in patients undergoing RF or CA for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia ablation. von Willebrand factor (vWF), spontaneous whole blood platelet aggregation, prothro...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11739-014-1090-7
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Up to 10% of all patients at the Emergency Department present for acute abdominal pain. The C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell (WBC) are routinely determined as part of the workup of patients with abdominal pain. Three large prospective cohort studies comprising a total of 2961 adult patients with acute abd...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11739-015-1333-2
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of cardiometabolic comorbidities and the changes in left ventricular geometry and function in 135 subjects subgrouped according to low or normal total adiponectin plasma (ADPN) levels. Left ventricular (LV) internal diameter/height, total LV mass (LVM) and LVM index (...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11739-014-1104-5
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammation plays a pivotal role in all stages of atherosclerosis from endothelial dysfunction and plaque formation to plaque destabilization and disruption. Inflammatory biomarkers, originally studied to better understand the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, have generated increasing interest among clinicians, be...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11739-010-0361-1
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A difficult airway may lead to hypoxia and brain damage. The WEI Nasal Jet Tube (WNJ) is a new nasal pharyngeal tube that applies supraglottic jet oxygenation and ventilation (SJOV) for patients during tracheal intubation without the need for mask ventilation. We evaluated the effectiveness and safety of SJOV-assisted...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11739-016-1531-6
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polycystic ovary syndrome, the most common endocrine disorder of reproductive age women, is often associated with insulin resistance and associated disorders. The frequency of type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cardiac risk markers, structural vascular disease, and clinical disease events are increased in this populatio...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11739-013-0924-z
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The term splanchnic vein thrombosis encompasses Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS), extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO), and mesenteric vein thrombosis; the simultaneous involvement of additional regions is frequent, and clinical presentations and risk factors may be shared. The annual incidence of BCS and isolated m...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s11739-010-0413-6
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our aim was to prospectively investigate the impact of Behçet's disease (BD), disease activity, and clinical and demographic characteristics on different aspects of quality of life (QoL) measured by the short-form (SF)-36 QoL scale. We administered the SF-36 to 37 consecutive BD patients in different moments of diseas...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11739-017-1691-z
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intracranial bruits (ICB) are faint, high-pitched, and mostly heard on the orbit in the systolic phase of the cardiovascular cycle. This report discusses a case of Listeria monocytogenes meningitis in a 17-month-old male patient in whom ICB were auscultated. ICB is thought to be caused by compression of blood vessels ...
journal_title:Internal and emergency medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11739-020-02579-7
更新日期:2021-01-03 00:00:00