Abstract：
:Under many circumstances chemical risk assessments for pharmaceuticals and other substances are required to differentiate between 'loss' of a chemical from the aqueous phase as a result of abiotic (sorption or precipitation reactions) or biotic (biodegradation) processes. To distinguish only abiotic processes, it is necessary to work under sterile conditions. Reported methods include poisoning the soil with sodium azide, irradiation and autoclaving. However, a key aspect of any testing is the representativeness of the matrix and so any sterilisation procedure needs to ensure that the integrity of the sample is maintained, in particular particle size distribution, pH and organic carbon partitioning potential. A number of controlled laboratory experiments were performed on 3 different types of soil. Results indicated that none of the methods successfully sterilised the soils and some physico-chemical changes in soils were identified post-treatment. Autoclaving destroyed the soil structure, therefore potentially affecting its sorption behaviour and sodium azide changed the pH of the loam soil solution by 0.53 pH units. Gamma irradiation exhibited least disruption to the tested soils physico-chemical properties. It was therefore concluded that gamma irradiation was the best available method for sterilising soils in preparation for sorption-desorption experiments; however care needs to be taken with this method to ensure that microbial activity is absent, or quantified if present. The changes to soils after sterilisation varied depending on the individual soil properties, indicating that soils should be studied on a case-by-case basis.
journal_name
Chemospherejournal_title
Chemosphereauthors
Lees K,Fitzsimons M,Snape J,Tappin A,Comber Sdoi
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.073subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-10-01 00:00:00pages
61-67eissn
0045-6535issn
1879-1298pii
S0045-6535(18)31149-4journal_volume
209pub_type
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