[Risk-based prediabetes screening in a rural general practice - oral glucose tolerance test or glycated hemoglobin?]

Abstract:

:Introduction and aim: The aim of this study was to implement a two-stage diabetes screening programme in a severely disadvantaged municipality. In the first stage, diabetes risk assessment was carried out in the 18 to 75 age group, followed by screening of the high risk population for potential carbohydrate metabolism disorders using laboratory tests. Method: Stage 1: assessment of diabetes risk with the FINDRISC questionnaire; Stage 2: identification of carbohydrate metabolism status by oral glucose tolerance test and glycated haemoglobin test in patients with elevated or high risk of diabetes. Results: 406 individuals completed the FINDRISC questionnaire. Elevated or high risk for diabetes was confirmed in 129 individuals (31.77%). There was significant correlation between increased risk and age (p<0.001) and between increased risk and body mass index (p<0.001). Based on the oral glucose tolerance test, 28.3% and 9.43% of the patients were diagnosed with pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus, respectively. According to the glycated haemoglobin test, the incidences of prediabetes and diabetes were 50.94% and 11.32%, respectively. The strongest predictors of prediabetes/diabetes mellitus was the age (p = 0.047). The correlation between prediabetes/diabetes mellitus and smoking (p = 0.635) and physical activity (p = 0.975) was the weakest. The results showed that the glycated hemoglobin value increased by mean 0.2% by metabolic syndromes patients. Conclusions: Our results highlight the necessity for improving preventative care. Based on the risks of significant mortality and disability due to diabetes, prevention and early diagnosis must be prioritised in primary care. In addition to the oral glucose tolerance test, measurement of glycated haemoglobin is also indicated, while keeping in mind the limitations of its diagnostic value. Evaluating for glycated hemoglobin results, it is also worth looking for the presence of metabolic syndrome. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(50): 1976-1983. :Absztrakt: Bevezetés: A diabetes mellitus prevalenciájának növekedése világviszonylatban is aggasztó tendenciát mutat. Egy erős, jól működő alapellátás a primer, illetve a szekunder prevencióra fókuszál. Magyarországon kevés idő jut a megelőző munkára, ennek következtében a cukorbetegség, annak kórmegelőző állapotai nem a megfelelő időben kerülnek felismerésre. Célkitűzés: Az első körben felmérni egy halmozottan hátrányos helyzetű település 18–75 éves korosztályában a diabetes mellitus kialakulásának kockázatát, majd a fokozott, illetve magas rizikócsoportba tartozóknál laborvizsgálati módszerekkel az esetleges szénhidrátanyagcsere-zavarok kiszűrése. Módszer: A diabeteskockázat felmérése FINDRISC-kérdőív segítségével, a szénhidrátanyagcsere-állapot meghatározása pedig a fokozott, illetve magas rizikócsoportba tartozó pácienseknél orális glükóztolerancia-teszt, valamint glikálthemoglobin-vizsgálat elrendelésével történt. Eredmények: A 406 fős mintában 129 fő (31,77%) esetében fokozott, illetve magas diabeteskockázat igazolódott. A rizikó emelkedése az életkor (p<0,001) és a testtömegindex (p<0,001) vonatkozásában szignifikáns összefüggést mutatott. Orális glükóztolerancia-teszttel 28,3%-ban praediabetes került felismerésre, 9,43%-ban pedig korábban nem diagnosztizált diabetes mellitus. Glikált hemoglobin alkalmazásával a praediabetes előfordulási gyakorisága 50,94%, a diabetes mellitusé 11,32% volt. A praediabetes, illetve diabetes mellitus legerősebb prediktora az életkor (p = 0,047) volt. A leggyengébb korreláció a dohányzás (p = 0,635), illetve a fizikai aktivitás (p = 0,975) kapcsán igazolódott. A metabolikus szindróma fennállása átlagosan 0,2%-kal növelte meg a glikálthemoglobin-értéket a vizsgált pácienseknél. Következtetések: A kapott eredmények rávilágítottak a prevenciós munka fontosságára. A cukorbetegség jelentős mortalitási és egészségkárosító kockázata miatt a megelőzés és a korai felismerés kiemelt feladata az alapellátásnak. Az orális glükóztolerancia-teszt mellett a glikálthemoglobin-meghatározás is javasolt, figyelembe véve annak diagnosztikai korlátait. A glikálthemoglobin-eredmények értékelésekor célszerű figyelembe venni, hogy detektálható-e metabolikus szindróma a páciensnél. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(50): 1976–1983.

journal_name

Orv Hetil

journal_title

Orvosi hetilap

authors

Galvács H,Szabó J,Balogh Z

doi

10.1556/650.2019.31573

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-12-01 00:00:00

pages

1976-1983

issue

50

eissn

0030-6002

issn

1788-6120

journal_volume

160

pub_type

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