Abstract:
:In the last decade, there have been considerable advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT) and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Over 80% of SCD occurs in patients with organic heart disease. However, approximately 10%-15% of SCD occurs in the presence of structurally normal heart, and the majority of these patients are young. In this group of patients, changes in genes encoding cardiac ion channels produce modifications of the function of the channel resulting in an electrophysiological substrate of VT and SCD. Collectively, these disorders are referred to as cardiac ion channelopathies. The four major syndromes in this group are: the long QT syndrome (LQTS), the Brugada syndrome (BrS), the short QT syndrome (SQTS), and the catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Each of these syndromes includes multiple subtypes with different and sometimes complex cardiac ion channel genetic abnormalities. Many are associated with other somatic and neurological abnormalities besides the risk of VT and SCD. The current management of cardiac ion channelopathies can be summarized as follows: (1) in symptomatic patients, the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is the only viable option; (2) in asymptomatic patients, risk stratification is necessary, followed by either the ICD, pharmacotherapy, or a combination of both. A genotype-specific approach to pharmacotherapy requires a thorough understanding of the molecular-cellular basis of arrhythmogenesis in cardiac ion channelopathies as well as the specific drug profile.
journal_name
Pharmacol Therjournal_title
Pharmacology & therapeuticsauthors
El-Sherif N,Boutjdir Mdoi
10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.09.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-11-01 00:00:00pages
132-42eissn
0163-7258issn
1879-016Xpii
S0163-7258(15)00178-3journal_volume
155pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Several types of stem and progenitor cells are currently under investigation for their potential to accomplish vascular regeneration. This review focuses on embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We will discuss the technologies allowing for their derivation, culture expansion and main...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.10.004
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three separate experimental approaches, using site-selective cAMP analogs, antisense strategy and retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer, have provided evidence that two isoforms, the RI- and RII-regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, have opposite roles in cell growth and differentiation; RI being gr...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0163-7258(93)90010-b
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Uncomplicated upper respiratory viral infections are the most common cause of days lost from work and school and exert a major economic burden. In susceptible individuals, however, common respiratory viruses, particularly human rhinoviruses, also can have a major impact on diseases that involve the lower airways, incl...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.12.005
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lithium has been used clinically to treat bipolar disorder for over half a century, and remains a fundamental pharmacological therapy for patients with this illness. Although lithium's therapeutic mechanisms are not fully understood, substantial in vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that it has neuroprotective/neurot...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.07.006
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer research has been focusing so far on genetic alterations in protein-coding genes. However, mounting evidence underlines the importance of epigenetic and post-transcriptional events in cancer progression and therapy resistance. Moreover, recent genome-wide studies show that disease-causing mutations and chromoso...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.04.001
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arterial obstructive syndromes result in heart disease, stroke and limb loss, disability, and mortality. Currently available therapeutics for patients with these conditions are inadequate or fail in a significant number of patients. The development of novel therapies for severe coronary arterial disease (CAD), periphe...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.08.005
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Artemisinins are a unique class of antimalarial drugs with significant potential for drug repurposing for a wide range of diseases including cancer. Cancer is a leading cause of death globally and the majority of cancer related deaths occur in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs) where conventional treatment option...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107706
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The "late sodium current" (I(NaL)) is a sustained component of the fast Na+ current of cardiac myocytes and neurons. As recently appreciated, common neurological and cardiac conditions are associated with abnormal I(NaL) enhancement, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of both electrical and contractile dysfuncti...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.06.001
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aside from their pharmacokinetic properties, e.g. their speed of action and the duration of residual effects, benzodiazepines are still considered as equivalent in terms of their effects on cognition. Here we review evidence suggesting that certain benzodiazepines, especially lorazepam, differ in a number of respects,...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.01.004
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperkinetic movement disorders comprise a variety of conditions characterized by involuntary movements, which include but are not limited to tardive dyskinesia, chorea associated with Huntington's Disease, and tic disorders. The class of medications that have been used to treat these conditions includes Vesicular Mon...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107580
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is now generally accepted that protein phosphorylation-dephosphorylation has a role in the regulation of essentially all cellular functions. Thus, it is of interest that this process is involved in signal transduction. Nonetheless, the extent to which protein phosphorylation participates in signaling is truly remar...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0163-7258(98)00056-4
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ross River virus (RRV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus indigenous to Australia and the Western Pacific region and is responsible for several thousand cases of human RRV disease (RRVD) per annum. The disease primarily involves polyarthritis/arthralgia, with many patients also presenting with rash, myalgia, fever, and/or...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.03.006
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::KIT is a receptor tyrosine kinase that after binding to its ligand stem cell factor activates signaling cascades linked to biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration and cell survival. Based on studies performed on SCF and/or KIT mutant animals that presented anemia, sterility, and/or pigme...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.12.008
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::QT interval prolongation, corrected for heart rate (QTc), either spontaneous or drug-induced, is associated with an increased risk of torsades de pointes and sudden death. Women have longer QTc than men and are at higher risk of torsades de pointes, particularly during post-partum and the follicular phase. Men with pe...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.07.005
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has emerged as a regulator of development, plasticity and, recently, addiction. Decreased neurotrophic activity may be involved in ethanol-induced neurodegeneration in the adult brain and in the etiology of alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorders. This can occur through de...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.01.003
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Canonical Wnt signaling is a highly conserved pathway with a prominent role in embryogenic development, adult tissue homeostasis, cell polarization, stem cell biology, cell differentiation, and proliferation. Furthermore, canonical Wnt signaling is of pivotal importance in the pathogenesis of a number of cancer types ...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.11.001
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::P2Y12 receptor inhibition in addition to aspirin is the cornerstone of treatment in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Despite advances in contemporary antithrombotic therapy, periprocedural thrombotic complications such as myocardial infarction ...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.01.004
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gene MUC1 encodes a large membrane-associated glycoprotein, previously termed polymorphic epithelial mucin and now known as MUC1. The majority of the extracellular domain is made up of tandem repeats of 20 amino acids. In some epithelial malignancies, MUC1 is up-regulated, and as a result of changes in glycosyl an...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0163-7258(99)00003-0
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alcoholism is a chronic relapsing disorder. Major characteristics observed in alcoholics during an initial period of alcohol abstinence are altered physiological functions and a negative emotional state. Evidence suggests that a persistent, cumulative adaptation involving a kindling/allostasis-like process occurs duri...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.09.007
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical evidence indicates that female sex steroids may contribute to the high prevalence of migraine in women, as well as changes in the frequency or severity of migraine attacks that are in tandem with various reproductive milestones in women's life. While female sex steroids do not seem to be involved in the patho...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2006.08.009
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitric oxide (NO) exerts a variety of biological actions under both physiological and pathological conditions. NO is synthesized by three distinct NO synthase (NOS) isoforms, including neuronal (nNOS), inducible (iNOS), and endothelial NOS (eNOS), all of which are expressed in the human cardiovascular system. The role...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.08.010
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent tissue stem cells that differentiate into a number of mesodermal tissue types, including osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes and myofibroblasts. MSCs were originally identified in the bone marrow (BM) of humans and other mammals, but recent studies have shown that they a...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.04.005
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several neurotropic cytokines relay their signaling through the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor. This 190kDa subunit couples with the 130kDa gp130 subunit to transduce intracellular signaling in neurons and oligodendrocytes that leads to expression of genes associated with neurosurvival. Moreover, activation of th...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.08.008
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type I signal peptidases are essential membrane-bound serine proteases that function to cleave the amino-terminal signal peptide extension from proteins that are translocated across biological membranes. The bacterial signal peptidases are unique serine proteases that utilize a Ser/Lys catalytic dyad mechanism in plac...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0163-7258(00)00064-4
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Destruction of the established tumour vasculature by a class of compound termed Vascular Disrupting Agents (VDAs) is showing considerable promise as a viable approach for the management of solid tumours. VDAs induce a rapid shutdown and collapse of tumour blood vessels, leading to ischaemia and consequent necrosis of ...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.06.001
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-1 (LOX-1) was initially identified as the major receptor for oxidized LDL (OxLDL) in endothelial cells. Its inducible expression in macrophages and smooth muscle cell was also observed. LOX-1 is a Type II membrane protein with a typical C-type lectin structur...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0163-7258(02)00236-x
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurosteroids are neuroactive brain-born steroids. They can act through non-genomic and/or through genomic pathways. Genomic pathways are largely described for steroid hormones: the binding to nuclear receptors leads to transcription regulation. Pregnenolone, Dehydroepiandrosterone, their respective sulfate esters and...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.011
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the 1980s, Bowery and colleagues discovered the presence of a novel, bicuculline-resistant and baclofen-sensitive type of GABA receptor on peripheral nerve terminals, the GABA(B) receptor. Since this pioneering work, GABA(B) receptors have been identified in the Central Nervous System (CNS), where they provide an i...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.06.004
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms of monooxygenase induction and inhibition have been discussed from the standpoint of historic development, from the current concepts about the molecular mechanism of enzyme induction, and from the various possibilities by which inhibitors can interact with the complex cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase syst...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0163-7258(87)90020-9
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::S-Adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy), formed after the donation of the methyl group of S-adenosylmethionine to a methyl acceptor, is hydrolyzed to adenosine and homocysteine by AdoHcy hydrolase physiologically. The administration of the inhibitors of AdoHcy hydrolase to cells or animals normally results in an accumulation ...
journal_title:Pharmacology & therapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0163-7258(97)00089-2
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00