Abstract:
:The power prior has been widely used in many applications covering a large number of disciplines. The power prior is intended to be an informative prior constructed from historical data. It has been used in clinical trials, genetics, health care, psychology, environmental health, engineering, economics, and business. It has also been applied for a wide variety of models and settings, both in the experimental design and analysis contexts. In this review article, we give an A-to-Z exposition of the power prior and its applications to date. We review its theoretical properties, variations in its formulation, statistical contexts for which it has been used, applications, and its advantages over other informative priors. We review models for which it has been used, including generalized linear models, survival models, and random effects models. Statistical areas where the power prior has been used include model selection, experimental design, hierarchical modeling, and conjugate priors. Frequentist properties of power priors in posterior inference are established, and a simulation study is conducted to further examine the empirical performance of the posterior estimates with power priors. Real data analyses are given illustrating the power prior as well as the use of the power prior in the Bayesian design of clinical trials.
journal_name
Stat Medjournal_title
Statistics in medicineauthors
Ibrahim JG,Chen MH,Gwon Y,Chen Fdoi
10.1002/sim.6728subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-12-10 00:00:00pages
3724-49issue
28eissn
0277-6715issn
1097-0258journal_volume
34pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The two tailed Fisher's exact P value is extremely sensitive to small perturbations in 2 x 2 contingency tables. An example indicates that a 1 per cent increase in the denominator of one treatment group results in a 32 per cent drop in the exact P value, but a mere 0.1 per cent decrease in the treatment success rate. ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780050610
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The focus of this paper is the development of a range of cluster detection diagnostics that can be used to assess the degree to which a clustering method recovers the true clustering behaviour of small area data. The diagnostics proposed range from individual region specific diagnostics to neighbourhood diagnostics, a...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2401
更新日期:2006-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::For the meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials with binary outcome a test statistic for testing an overall treatment effect is proposed, which is based on a refined estimator for the variance of the treatment effect estimator usually used in the random-effects model of meta-analysis. In simulation studies it is s...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.1009
更新日期:2001-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::Observational studies provide a rich source of information for assessing effectiveness of treatment interventions in many situations where it is not ethical or practical to perform randomized controlled trials. However, such studies are prone to bias from hidden (unmeasured) confounding. A promising approach to identi...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.7051
更新日期:2016-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Interval-censored data are commonly found in studies of diseases that progress without symptoms, which require clinical evaluation for detection. Several techniques have been suggested with independent assumption. However, the assumption will not be valid if observations come from clusters. Furthermore, when the clust...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4042
更新日期:2010-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, we consider a full likelihood method to analyze continuous longitudinal responses with non-ignorable non-monotone missing data. We consider a transition probability model for the missingness mechanism. A first-order Markov dependence structure is assumed for both the missingness mechanism and observed d...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.5359
更新日期:2012-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::In comparing two treatments under a typical sequential clinical trial setting, a 50-50 randomization design generates reliable data for making efficient inferences about the treatment difference for the benefit of patients in the general population. However, if the treatment difference is large and the endpoint of the...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19961130)15:22<2413::aid-s
更新日期:1996-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::It has been well known that ignoring measurement error may result in substantially biased estimates in many contexts including linear and nonlinear regressions. For survival data with measurement error in covariates there has been extensive discussion in the literature with the focus being on the Cox proportional haza...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2892
更新日期:2007-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::Estimates of analyte concentrations, obtained by immunoassay, have error distributions which are generally underestimated. Better estimates, which take into account the distribution of the response metameter of the calibration curve and uncertainties associated with the location of the fitted curve, have been obtained...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780050208
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Combining multiple markers can improve classification accuracy compared with using a single marker. In practice, covariates associated with markers or disease outcome can affect the performance of a biomarker or biomarker combination in the population. The covariate-adjusted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) cur...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.7274
更新日期:2017-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Mediation analysis is a standard approach to understanding how and why an intervention works in social and medical sciences. However, the presence of missing data, especially missing not at random data, poses a great challenge for the applicability of this approach in practice. Current methods for handling such missin...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.7413
更新日期:2017-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::Assessing the QT prolongation potential of a drug is typically done based on pivotal safety studies called thorough QT studies. Model-based estimation of the drug-induced QT prolongation at the estimated mean maximum drug concentration could increase efficiency over the currently used intersection-union test. However,...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.7395
更新日期:2017-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::A three-component, competing-risk mortality model, developed for animal survival data, fits human life table data for all ages over a range of mean life spans from 16 to 74 years. The competing risks are a novel exponentially-decreasing hazard, dominant during immaturity; a constant hazard, dominant during adulthood; ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4780020309
更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::With reference to a real data on cataract surgery, we discuss the problem of zero-inflated circular-circular regression when both covariate and response are circular random variables and a large proportion of the responses are zeros. The regression model is proposed, and the estimation procedure for the parameters is ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.7496
更新日期:2018-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Misclassification introduces errors in categorical variables. This paper presents a review of methods for misclassified categorical data in epidemiology. Different sampling schemes for a 2 x 2 x 2 table and methods of analyses will be discussed first. A misclassification matrix is defined, and the usual misclassificat...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/sim.4780080908
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The lifetime risk of a clinical condition is the probability of onset of the condition during one's lifespan. Recent advances in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research have identified screening tests for biomarkers that can identify persons who are in the earliest stages of the AD process but who do not yet have any clinic...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.8056
更新日期:2019-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::Conditional power based on summary statistic by comparing outcomes (such as the sample mean) directly between 2 groups is a convenient tool for decision making in randomized controlled trial studies. In this paper, we extend the traditional summary statistic-based conditional power with a general model-based assessmen...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.7454
更新日期:2017-12-30 00:00:00
abstract::Performance of a diagnostic test is ideally evaluated by a comparison of the test results to a gold standard for all the patients in a study. In practice, however, it is common for a subset of study patients to have the gold standard not verified (missing) due to ethical or expense considerations. Sensitivity and spec...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.3899
更新日期:2010-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::We propose a new, less costly, design to test the equivalence of digital versus analogue mammography in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Because breast cancer is a rare event among asymptomatic women, the sample size for testing equivalence of sensitivity is larger than that for testing equivalence of specificity...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19981015)17:19<2219::aid-s
更新日期:1998-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper we study the problem of variable selection for the proportional odds model, which is a useful alternative to the proportional hazards model and might be appropriate when the proportional hazards assumption is not satisfied. We propose to fit the proportional odds model by maximizing the marginal likeliho...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2833
更新日期:2007-09-10 00:00:00
abstract::Methodology for causal inference based on propensity scores has been developed and popularized in the last two decades. However, the majority of the methodology has concentrated on binary treatments. Only recently have these methods been extended to settings with multi-valued treatments. We propose a number of discret...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.2095
更新日期:2005-07-30 00:00:00
abstract::We propose a semiparametric method for estimating ROC surfaces for continuous diagnostic tests based on two test measurements. Such a three-class diagnostic problem based on two test measurements arises naturally from some DNA amplification-related diagnostic scenarios. Simulation results show that our proposed semipa...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.3625
更新日期:2009-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::We propose to use a very simple model to test whether a cancer cluster is due to chance alone. We focus on the acute childhood leukaemia cluster in Columbus, Ohio. In 1975, 12 leukaemia cases were observed in Columbus while the expected number is 6 cases per year. According to our simple model, the probability of such...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1097-0258(20000830)19:16<2195::aid-sim522>
更新日期:2000-08-30 00:00:00
abstract::Assessing the calibration of methods for estimating the probability of the occurrence of a binary outcome is an important aspect of validating the performance of risk-prediction algorithms. Calibration commonly refers to the agreement between predicted and observed probabilities of the outcome. Graphical methods are a...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.8281
更新日期:2019-09-20 00:00:00
abstract::This paper concerns the statistical analysis of certain binary data arising in molecular studies of cancer. In allelic-loss experiments, tumour cell genomes are analysed at informative molecular marker loci to identify deleted chromosomal regions. The resulting binary data are used to infer properties of putative supp...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19980715)17:13<1425::aid-s
更新日期:1998-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Bioequivalence or interaction trials are commonly studied in crossover design and can be analysed by nonlinear mixed effects models as an alternative to noncompartmental approach. We propose an extension of the population Fisher information matrix in nonlinear mixed effects models to design crossover pharmacokinetic t...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.4390
更新日期:2012-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::Novel methodology is implemented to assess the predictive power of covariate information associated with sequential binary events. Logistic models are first fitted on the basis of a subset of the observations and then evaluated sequentially on the rest. The probabilistic forecasts are compared to the outcomes via a sc...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19961030)15:20<2149::AID-S
更新日期:1996-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::To update the British growth reference, anthropometric data for weight, height, body mass index (weight/height2) and head circumference from 17 distinct surveys representative of England, Scotland and Wales (37,700 children, age range 23 weeks gestation to 23 years) were analysed by maximum penalized likelihood using ...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::In many epidemiological studies it is common to resort to regression models relating incidence of a disease and its risk factors. The main goal of this paper is to consider inference on such models with error-prone observations and variances of the measurement errors changing across observations. We suppose that the o...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/sim.3343
更新日期:2008-11-10 00:00:00
abstract::Longitudinal studies are often concerned with estimating the recurrence rate of a non-fatal event. In many cases, only the total number of events occurring during successive time intervals is known. We compared a mixed Poisson-gamma regression method proposed by Thall and a quasi-likelihood method proposed by Zeger an...
journal_title:Statistics in medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/sim.4780121406
更新日期:1993-07-30 00:00:00