Abstract:
:Ethical decision-making for the care of the critically ill and injured has never been more difficult than it is today. Major technologic advances prolong life but often provide questionable benefit in human terms. Both the ethical commitment to the individual patient and the competition for access to expensive and scarce health resources prompt the search for clinically useful and operationally appropriate criteria for decision-making. The mnemonic 3 R's and Q.C. was evolved as a practical tool by which the ethical basis for interventions may be tested. The first tier, the 3 R's, is likely to resolve the vast majority of ethical issues. These are appropriately addressed at the bedside by clinicians who determine whether a proposed intervention is Rational, Redeeming, and Respectful. When the ethical issues cannot be resolved at the bedside on the basis of the 3 R's, a second tier of testing of Quality of Life and Cost (Q.C.) is triggered. This addresses decision-making which is not exclusively or even primarily in the skill domain or authority of most physicians. It calls for assistance by those who represent a broader base of societal involvement including multidisciplinary experts in ethics and law who serve as consultants or who are organized into medical center-wide ethics committees.
journal_name
Crit Care Medjournal_title
Critical care medicineauthors
Weil MH,Weil CJ,Rackow ECdoi
10.1097/00003246-198806000-00015subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-06-01 00:00:00pages
636-41issue
6eissn
0090-3493issn
1530-0293journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether a cellular phone would interfere with the operation of mechanical ventilators. DESIGN:Laboratory study. SETTING:University medical center. SUBJECTS:Fourteen mechanical ventilators. INTERVENTIONS:We evaluated change in operation and malfunction of the mechanical ventilators. MEASUREME...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000120061.01431.db
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is increasingly used in the management of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. With extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, select patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome can be managed without mechanical ventilation, sedation, or neuromuscular blockade. Publ...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000003354
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Anxiety results from the anticipation of a threat and might be associated with poor outcome in the critically ill. This study aims at showing that anxiety at admission in critically ill patients is associated with new organ failure over the first 7 days of ICU hospitalization independently of baseline organ ...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000004495
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Using a modification of the Bohr equation, single-breath carbon dioxide capnography is a noninvasive technology for calculating physiologic dead space (V(D)/V(T)). The objective of this study was to identify a minimal V(D)/V(T) value for predicting successful extubation from mechanical ventilation in pediatri...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-200006000-00059
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bed rest is frequently prescribed for critically ill patients because it is assumed to be beneficial for preventing complications, for conserving scarce metabolic resources, and for providing patient comfort. Furthermore, higher levels of physical activity in critically ill patients have been assumed to be impractical...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181b6e30a
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The role of systemic corticosteroids in pathophysiology and treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome is controversial. Use of prehospital systemic corticosteroid therapy may prevent the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and improve hospital outcomes. DESIGN:This is a preplanned retro...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31828a1fc7
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine a) if the admission osmole gap, the difference between osmolality and osmolarity, is the same in the neurologic-neurosurgical intensive care unit (NNICU) population as in healthy controls; b) which of 11 osmole gap formulas, or osmolality, correlates best with mannitol serum concentrations; c) wh...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000120057.04528.60
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To test the hypothesis that the effects of intravenous injection of latex particles would demonstrate the contribution of phagocytosis by mononuclear phagocytes to the development of Escherichia coli-induced acute lung injury in neutropenic guinea pigs. DESIGN:Prospective, controlled, experimental study. Int...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-199606000-00025
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We sought to investigate if the chloride content of fluids used in resuscitation was associated with short- and long-term outcomes. DESIGN:We identified patients who received large-volume fluid resuscitation, defined as greater than 60 mL/kg over a 24-hour period. Chloride load was determined for each patien...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002063
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To synthesize the literature describing interventions to improve hand hygiene in ICUs, to evaluate the quality of the extant research, and to outline the type, and efficacy, of interventions described. DATA SOURCES:Systematic searches were conducted in November 2016 using five electronic databases: Medline,...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002691
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare urea nitrogen removal by continuous hemodiafiltration vs. functional native kidneys in critically ill, septic patients receiving > 2 g of amino acids/kg body weight per day. DESIGN:Prospective, comparative, unblinded study. SETTING:Trauma critical care units of a Level I adult trauma hospital. P...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-199403000-00009
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To comparatively evaluate cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption and a modification of it, cerebral consumption of oxygen, in patients with acute brain injury with acute anemia. DESIGN:Prospective, observational study. SETTING:Neuroscience intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital. PATIENTS...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-199308000-00024
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To present electron micrographs of lung tissue obtained from a patient exposed to high ventilatory pressures in the context of pulmonary dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. DESIGN:Case report. SETTING:Adult intensive care unit of a university-affiliated teaching hospital. PATIENTS:A patient exposed to ...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-200210000-00030
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate partial occlusion in patients with pulmonary hypertension with regard to a) the degree to which it leads to overestimation of pulmonary artery occlusion pressure (Ppao) and b) identification of factors that could enhance its recognition. DESIGN:Observational descriptive study. SETTING:Medical in...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-200301000-00015
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:When treating patients with cardiac arrest with mild therapeutic hypothermia, a reliable and easy-to-use temperature probe is desirable. This study was conducted to investigate the accuracy and safety of tracheal temperature as a measurement of body temperature. DESIGN:Observational cohort study. SETTING:Em...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181e47a20
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Cytomegalovirus reactivation may complicate critical illness in latent carriers of the virus, even in patients who were previously immunocompetent. Patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome are considered to be prone for reactivation. Prophylactic antiviral therapy in immunocompetent cytomegalovirus s...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000000712
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Expert task forces have proposed that adult critical care medicine services should be regionalized in order to improve outcomes. However, it is currently unknown if high intensive care unit (ICU) patient volumes are associated with reduced mortality rate. The objective was to investigate whether high-volume I...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000226415.93237.84
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The antimetabolite drug, 5-fluorouracil, inhibits microbial growth. Coating of central venous catheters with 5-fluorouracil may reduce the risk of catheter infection. Our objective was to compare the safety and efficacy of central venous catheters externally coated with 5-fluorouracil with those coated with c...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181f265ba
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To describe the effectiveness of a comprehensive, interdisciplinary sepsis treatment protocol with regard to both implementation and outcomes and to compare the mortality rates and therapies of patients with septic shock with similar historical controls. DESIGN:Prospective, interventional cohort study with ...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000206104.18647.A8
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Severe coronavirus disease 2019 is associated with an extensive pneumonitis and frequent coagulopathy. We sought the true prevalence of thrombotic complications in critically ill patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 on the ICU, with or without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. DESIGN:We undertoo...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000004890
更新日期:2021-01-06 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The role of nitric oxide in mediating the early phase of hypotension and cardiovascular hyporeactivity in sepsis, and the cellular sources of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression under in vivo conditions, remain unclear. The objective of this study was to elucidate the time course and cellular location...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-199703000-00022
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of the present study was to characterize pulmonary surfactant properties in children undergoing cardiovascular surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. DESIGN:Prospective clinical trial. SETTING:University hospital pediatric intensive care unit. PATIENTS:Fifty pediatric patients with congenital cardiac...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-200301000-00045
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative frequency of pediatric in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation events occurring in ICUs compared to general wards. We hypothesized that the proportion of pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation provided in ICUs versus general wards has increased over the p...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e31828cf0c0
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The mortality of critically ill patients associated with intestinal ischemia/reperfusion remains very high, which results from multiorgan dysfunction or failure due to intestinal injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. This study was carried out to investigate whether intestinal ischemia/reperfusio...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3182546855
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study was done to assess the effects of temperature on bleeding time and clotting time in normal male and female volunteers. DESIGN:Open study utilizing normal volunteers. SETTING:University research laboratory. SUBJECTS:Fifty-four healthy male and female volunteers, ranging in age from 19 to 35 yrs, ...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-199504000-00019
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the interaction and involvement of hydrogen sulfide and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Hydrogen sulfide has been demonstrated to be involved in many inflammatory states including sepsis. Its contribution in neurogenic inflammation has been suggested...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181c0df00
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Therapeutic hypothermia has been used to attenuate the effects of traumatic brain injuries. However, the required degree of hypothermia, length of its use, and its timing are uncertain. We undertook a comprehensive meta-analysis to quantify benefits of hypothermia therapy for traumatic brain injuries in adult...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002205
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Varying concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and mannan suspensions were mixed with either saline or plasma from normal volunteers, heated to 100 degrees C for 10 min, and then subjected to the limulus amebocyte lysate test (LAL). A positive LAL in saline required minimum LPS and mannan concentrations of 10(-11)...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00003246-198512000-00016
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Survivors of critical illness in early life are at risk of long-term-memory and attention impairments. However, their neurobiologic substrates remain largely unknown. DESIGN:A prospective follow-up study. SETTING:Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. PATIENTS:Thirty-eight scho...
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/CCM.0000000000002553
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the intrarater and interrater reliability of electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation in critically ill patients and to assess the effect of knowledge of cardiac troponin values on these reliability estimates. DESIGN:Prospective cohort study. SETTING:Fifteen-bed medical-surgical intensive care unit....
journal_title:Critical care medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.CCM.0000214679.23957.90
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00