Abstract:
:In chronic kidney disease the excessive production of parathyroid hormone increases the bone resorption rate and leads to histologic bone signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism. However, in other situations, the initial increase in parathyroid hormone and bone remodeling may be slowed down excessively by a multitude of factors including age, ethnic origin, sex, and treatments such as vitamin D, calcium salts, calcimimetics, steroids, and so forth, leading to low bone turnover or adynamic bone disease. Both high and low bone turnover diseases actually are observed equally in chronic kidney disease patients treated by dialysis, and all types of renal osteodystrophy are associated with an increased risk of skeletal fractures, reduced quality of life, and poor clinical outcomes. Unfortunately, the diagnosis of these bone abnormalities cannot be obtained correctly by current clinical, biochemical, and imaging methods. Therefore, bone biopsy has been, and still remains, the gold standard analysis for assessing the exact type of renal osteodystrophy. It is also the unique way to assess the mechanisms of action, safety, and efficacy of new bone-targeting therapies.
journal_name
Semin Nephroljournal_title
Seminars in nephrologyauthors
Torres PU,Bover J,Mazzaferro S,de Vernejoul MC,Cohen-Solal Mdoi
10.1016/j.semnephrol.2014.09.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-11-01 00:00:00pages
612-25issue
6eissn
0270-9295issn
1558-4488pii
S0270-9295(14)00144-2journal_volume
34pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Nephritic edema results from the primary retention of salt. Acute glomerulonephritis is the prototypical form of the disorder. The stimulus for the salt retention arises within the kidney by an unknown mechanism. As effective arterial blood volume (EABV) was normal at the start of the disease process, it becomes expan...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/snep.2001.21653
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the early 1960s, a number of new immunosuppressive agents have been introduced to clinical transplantation. This review will be confined to mechanism of actions, and important gains and concerns of new microemulsion formulation of cyclosporine A (Neoral), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), FK506, brequinar sodium, sir...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract anatomy (CAKUT) are common in children and represent approximately 30% of all prenatally diagnosed malformations. CAKUT is phenotypically variable and can affect the kidney(s) alone and/or the lower urinary tract. The spectrum includes more common anomalies such as ...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2010.06.004
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An expanding proportion of people in the United States and worldwide are affected by kidney disease, leading to a growing concern over the public health implications. Despite the high prevalence and the considerable associated health risks of kidney disease, major gaps in our knowledge base hinder the delivery of opti...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2009.06.002
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::To characterize current evidence and current foci of perioperative clinical trials, we systematically reviewed Medline and identified perioperative trials involving 100 or more adult patients undergoing surgery and reporting renal end points that were published in high-impact journals since 2004. We categorized the 10...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2020.01.008
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preeclampsia is a 2-stage disorder. Stage 1 is decreased placental perfusion and generates stage 2 of the disorder, the maternal syndrome characteristic of preeclampsia. How the 2 stages are linked has been a topic of intense investigation for many years. One candidate phenomenon, which includes many other suggested l...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0270-9295(04)00126-3
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The first part of this article focuses on the risk of functional deterioration in subjects with solitary kidneys; the long-term clinical outcome of various subgroups of patients is reviewed. Thereafter, the pathophysiology of the renal functional reserve in subjects with a 50% reduction in renal parenchyma and the res...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diagnosis of aluminum-related bone disease in patients with renal failure often requires a bone biopsy. Percutaneous biopsy of the iliac crest has been safely carried out as an outpatient procedure in over 300 patients. No instances of significant bleeding or infection have occurred. The procedure was well accepted in...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In contrast to managing patients on hemodialysis in whom iron strategies are more focused on intravenous iron, nondialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients may receive either oral or intravenous iron. There are advantages and disadvantages for both strategies. Oral iron is simple and cheap to administer and does ...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2016.02.003
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The very limited ability of adult podocytes to proliferate in vivo is clinically significant because podocytes form a vascular barrier that is functionally critical to the nephron, podocyte hypoplasia is a characteristic of disease, and inadequate regeneration of podocytes is a major cause of persistent podocyte hypop...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2014.06.008
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pathogenesis of many common etiologies of nephropathy has been informed by recent molecular genetic breakthroughs. It now is apparent that the ethnic disparity in the risk for nondiabetic chronic kidney disease between African Americans and European Americans is explained largely by variation in the apolipoprotein...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2017.07.006
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclooxygenase inhibitors have long been used in experimental studies as well as in clinical practice to reduce urinary protein excretion in proteinuric renal diseases. However, the mechanisms by which this treatment limits glomerular filtration of proteins are not fully elucidated. We will review the cellular and mol...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Premature menopause defined as secondary amenorrhea is common in women with kidney disease. Moreover, the aging population has resulted in increasing numbers of postmenopausal women with kidney disease. Though the pathophysiology is poorly understood, kidney transplantation and more frequent hemodialysis can restore m...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2017.05.013
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Care of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) has changed during the past 30 years. Tools to control hyperglycemia have improved and it was shown that improvement in glycemic control diminished the risk of late diabetic complications, including nephropathy. Moreover, in patients with impaired renal function, aggressive ...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2012.07.002
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amiloride is a prototypic inhibitor of epithelial sodium channels. Rapid progress has been made in our understanding of the structure of the sodium channel and related cation-selective channels. This work, coupled with experiments examining how selected sodium channel mutations affect amiloride binding, provides criti...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are several published series of pregnancy in patients with nonimmunoglobulin A mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (most of whom have thin basement membrane nephropathy [TBMN]). The aim of the present study was to review the maternal and fetal outcomes of pregnancy in women with TBMN. The medical and obst...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2005.01.011
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) often causes peritoneal fibrosis and sclerosis with a loss of function, and some CAPD patients develop sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis. Glucose-based peritoneal dialysis fluids readily produce glucose degradation products by heat sterilization, and glucos...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2004.06.027
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been known for decades that urinary potassium excretion varies with a circadian pattern. In this review, we consider the historical evidence for this phenomenon and present an overview of recent developments in the field. Extensive evidence from the latter part of the past century clearly shows that circadian p...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2013.04.003
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpes virus (HHV)-6, and HHV-7 are ubiquitous β-herpesviruses that can cause opportunistic infection and disease in kidney transplant recipients. Active CMV infection and disease are associated with acute allograft failure and death, and HHV-6 and HHV-7 replication are associated with CMV...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2016.05.012
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The apical membrane epithelial Na(+) channel subunit (ENaC) in series with the basolateral Na(+)/K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase mediates collecting duct Na(+) reabsorption. Aldosterone induces αENaC gene transcription, which appears to be rate limiting for ENaC activity in this segment. Although this response has long ...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2013.05.010
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of hypertension as a cardiovascular risk factor increases progressively with aging, but diastolic blood pressure plateaus at age 50, which leads to a rise in pulse pressure in the elderly. Thus, isolated systolic hypertension with a widened pulse pressure is the most common type of hypertension seen in ...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evidence indicates an increased prevalence and likely also an increased incidence of both renal and extrarenal malignancy in ESRD patients. With the exception of nonHodgkin's lymphoma, these are the same solid tumors commonly found in the general population. Although the overall change in tumor frequency may be sm...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In humans, idiopathic hypercalciuria is associated with stone formation. To study the mechanisms that are responsible for the excess urine calcium excretion in ways that are difficult to impossible in humans, we have developed a rat model of idiopathic hypercalciuria. Hypercalciuric rats were successively inbred for m...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of natriuretic peptides as key regulators of natriuresis and vasodilatation, and the appreciation that their secretion is under the control of cardiac hemodynamic and neurohumoral factors, has caused wide interest. The natriuretic peptides are structurally similar, but genetically distinct peptides ...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/snep.2002.35666
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroimmune interaction is an emerging concept, wherein the nervous system modulates the immune system and vice versa. This concept is gaining attention as a novel therapeutic target in various inflammatory diseases including acute kidney injury (AKI). Vagus nerve stimulation or treatment with pulsed ultrasound activa...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.10.008
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although calcitriol has been shown to have an important role in the pathogenesis of hyperparathyroidism, its use as a therapeutic agent often has been limited by calcemic and phosphatemic toxicity. Vitamin D analogs and the synthetic prohormones, with the potential to have lesser effects on calcium and phosphorus, hav...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2004.06.013
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is a new disease whose incidence has peaked and receded over the past decade. It occurs in the presence of significant renal impairment, either acute or chronic (MDRD creatinine clearance of <30 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), and is associated with the administration of gadolinium-based contrast (GBC...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2011.05.010
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Membranous nephropathy (MN), the most common cause of adult-onset nephrotic syndrome (NS) in Caucasians, is associated commonly with the secondary complications of hyperlipidemia and hypercoagulability. These may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease, alter the rate of progression of renal disease, and raise th...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0270-9295(03)00058-5
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is characterized by bone abnormalities, vascular calcification, and an array of laboratory abnormalities. The latter classically include disturbances in the parathyroid hormone/vitamin D axis. More recently, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and klotho also ...
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2014.02.007
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with cirrhosis have significant abnormalities in their fluid and electrolyte balance, this is manifested mainly by the development of ascites and edema. Ascites is the most common complication of patients with cirrhosis and its development constitutes the first and most important manifestation of the disease....
journal_title:Seminars in nephrology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1053/snep.2001.21666
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00