Abstract:
:The limiting effects of exemptions to the coverage of child restraint laws were estimated by determining the extent to which the laws would have applied to child motor vehicle occupants, ages 0-5 years, killed before the laws were passed (1976-80). The 50 state laws would have exempted about 39 per cent of child motor vehicle occupants less than 6 years of age killed in the years immediately preceding enactment of the laws. Of those children killed in pre-law years who were within the age limits set by the subsequent state laws, about 21 per cent would not have been covered. The gaps in the laws are unnecessary, and proper amendments based on these data can save lives.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Teret SP,Jones AS,Williams AF,Wells JKdoi
10.2105/ajph.76.1.31subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-01-01 00:00:00pages
31-4issue
1eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
76pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Evaluation of the results of breast self-examination (BSE) is inconclusive. Studies which address the question of proper method of BSE find that most women do not know how to carry out the procedure correctly. Socio-demographic characteristics most consistently related to BSE practice are age and education. New resear...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/ajph.73.11.1324
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To describe changes in suspected heroin overdose emergency department (ED) visits. Methods. We analyzed quarterly and yearly changes in heroin overdoses during 2017-2018 by using data from 23 states and jurisdictions (including the District of Columbia) funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Preventio...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2019.305053
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We used data from the National Health Interview Survey to compare health care access among individuals involved in same-sex versus opposite-sex relationships. METHODS:We conducted descriptive and logistic regression analyses from pooled data on 614 individuals in same-sex relationships and 93418 individuals...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.062661
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We evaluated risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in women residing in low-income neighborhoods of northern California. METHODS:A population-based sample of 1707 women, aged 18 to 29, were surveyed and screened for sexually transmitted infections and HCV. RESULTS:Women infected with HCV (2.5%) were m...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.92.4.670
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Occupational health problems have needlessly been produced at many worksites as a consequence of their not having been anticipated during design and construction. Pre-review may be an effective and efficient mechanism for preventive intervention in occupational health and safety. Legal and administrative precedents ar...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.70.2.157
更新日期:1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This work was undertaken to determine whether there are any chronic neurological sequelae to acute organophosphate pesticide poisoning. METHODS:California surveillance data were used in a study of neurological function among 128 men poisoned by organophosphate pesticides in California from 1982 to 1990 and ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.5.731
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::For systematic reviews to have an impact on public health, they must report outcomes that are important for decision-making. Systematic reviews of public health interventions, however, have a range of potential end users, and identifying and prioritizing the most important and relevant outcomes represents a considerab...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.306061
更新日期:2021-01-21 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined the associations between prepregnancy weight and the risk of pregnancy complications and adverse outcomes among nulliparous women. METHODS:We conducted a population-based cohort study with 96,801 Washington State birth certificates from 1992 to 1996. Women were categorized by body mass i...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.3.436
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Public awareness of the risks of drinking during pregnancy was assessed in a Northwestern metropolitan county. Ninety per cent of respondents stated spontaneously that drinking might be harmful, and one-fourth of this group felt pregnant women should customarily abstain from alcohol. The balance of those who considere...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.71.3.312
更新日期:1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to assess changes in health insurance and food assistance enrollment following passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. METHODS:Extant data sources were used to calculate changes in Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), M...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.92.9.1441
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from the 1981 Child Health Supplement to the National Health Interview Survey were used to examine relationships between family and child characteristics and regular use of seatbelts or child restraints. Only for a third of children less than seven years old was regular seatbelt use reported. They were more likel...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.76.12.1425
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We estimated human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine series completion and examined predictors of completion among adolescents and young adults in a large family planning network. METHODS:Our retrospective cohort study of vaccine completion within 12 months and time to completion used electronic health record da...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302834
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the influence of neighborhood environment on the weight status of adults 55 years and older. METHODS:We conducted a 2-level logistic regression analysis of data from the 2002 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. We included 8 neighborhood scales: economic advantage, economic disadvantage, ai...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.127712
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study was undertaken to assess the completeness of vital statistics and case reports of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in measuring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related mortality in women 15 through 44 years of age. METHODS:We used vital records to determine the number of deaths attribu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.11.1500
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We determined differences in weight at age 18 years and at current age and weight change by sexual orientation within different racial/ethnic populations, stratifying by gender. METHODS:We used 2001-2007 data from the California Health Interview Survey, resulting in an unweighted sample of 120,274 individua...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301391
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the impact of geographic residency status and census tract (CT)-level socioeconomic status (SES) on colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes. METHODS:This was a retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with CRC in Georgia for the years 2000 through 2007. Study outcomes were late-stage disease at...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301572
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using claims data from 443 employee groups in North Carolina, this study examines the acute care hospital utilization rates of hospital employees and their dependents and compares them to employee groups in non-hospital settings. Results show that hospital employee groups account for 28 per cent more hospital days tha...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.71.9.1021
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data were collected from 141 women under age 18 attending an abortion clinic that did not require parental notification. Most of them informed their girl friend but not their parents of the plans for abortion. Younger minors and those who perceive their parents to hold positive attitudes toward abortion were more apt ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.72.3.283
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To examine emerging adults' experiences of food insecurity in relation to measures of diet quality, food literacy, home food availability, and health behaviors.Methods. We used EAT 2010-2018 (Eating and Activity over Time) study data on 1568 participants who completed surveys as adolescents in 2009 to 2010...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305783
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We quantified the relationship between gonorrheal infection rates in California and a measure of poverty status and investigated how this relationship and the spatial dispersion of cases varied among the 4 dominant racial/ethnic groups in the state. METHODS:We geocoded gonorrhea cases reported in California...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.172965
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study assessed seroprevalence rates of HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among individuals with severe mental illness. METHODS:Participants (n = 931) were patients undergoing inpatient or outpatient treatment in Connecticut, Maryland, New Hampshire, or North Carolina. RESULTS:T...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.1.31
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Intravenous drug use has played a key role in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. Standardized surveillance of HIV infection among intravenous drug users (IVDUs) is needed to determine HIV prevalence rates, to monitor changes in prevalence over time, and to describe behaviors associated with HIV...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.4.541
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We conducted a midpoint review of The California Endowment's Healthy Eating, Active Communities (HEAC) program, which works in 6 low-income California communities to prevent childhood obesity by changing children's environments. The HEAC program conducts interventions in 5 key childhood environments: schools...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.192781
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We investigated preterm birth (PTB) in relation to maternal occupational exposure and whether effect measures were modified by Hispanic ethnicity and nativity in a population-based sample with high proportion of Hispanics. METHODS:We used a case-control study (n = 2543) nested within a cohort of 58,316 birt...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301457
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the roles of Doctors of Podiatric Medicine (DPMs) and orthopedic surgeons in the provision of foot surgery by analyzing the 1982 computerized claims of over 1.1 million federal employees, retirees, and family members. We found that DPMs provided over 60 per cent of all elective insured foot surgery. Withou...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.8.987
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We tested a series of self-help booklets designed to prevent postpartum smoking relapse. METHODS:We recruited 700 women in months 4 through 8 of pregnancy, who quit smoking for their pregnancy. We randomized the women to receive either (1) 10 Forever Free for Baby and Me (FFB) relapse prevention booklets, m...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300653
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the effect of worldwide oil price fluctuations on household fuel use and child respiratory health in Guatemala. METHODS:We regressed measures of household fuel use and child respiratory health on the average worldwide oil price and a rich set of covariates. We leveraged variation in oil prices o...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300131
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight matched men's and women's intercollegiate varsity teams were studied prospectively for one academic year to determine the incidence of athletic injury and resulting disability. Sports in which both men and women participated in a comparable manner were chosen: basketball, fencing, gymnastics, swimming, tennis, i...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.12.1459
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES: To determine if the Teen Outreach Program (TOP), a youth development and service learning program, can reduce sexual risk-taking behaviors compared with a business as usual or benign counterfactual. METHODS: We synthesized results of 5 independent studies conducted in 5 geographically and ethnically divers...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303307
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the effects of changes in Rhode Island's Lead Hazard Mitigation Law in 2005 on children's blood lead levels. METHODS:We used 2005 to 2009 data from Rhode Island's Lead Elimination Surveillance System; city tax assessor records in Central Falls, Pawtucket, Providence, and Woonsocket, Rhode Island...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.301908
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00