Abstract:
:While more remains to be learned about the natural history of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, better information is now available on which to base decisions about diagnosis and treatment. Several retrospective and prospective studies have placed the value of lung scanning, venography, and pulmonary angiography in better perspective. Newer diagnostic techniques for deep vein thrombosis, such as 125I-labeled fibrinogen scanning and impedance plethysmography, are valuable and should be more widely used. Other diagnostic techniques for pulmonary embolism, such as computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, may be of value but are still untested. More effective therapies are now available. Moderate-dose subcutaneous heparin and lower-dose warfarin for long-term therapy of deep vein thrombosis are attractive alternatives to standard warfarin therapy. Thrombolytic therapy has not replaced standard intravenous heparin therapy, although it should be considered in treatment of a massive pulmonary embolus. Perhaps most important, prevention of deep vein thrombosis in most patients at high risk is possible with minidose heparin therapy or intermittent pneumatic compression. One of these methods of prophylaxis should be used in all high-risk patients as the only current effective way to decrease the mortality of pulmonary embolism.
journal_name
Postgrad Medjournal_title
Postgraduate medicineauthors
Broaddus C,Matthay MAdoi
10.1080/00325481.1986.11699336subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-03-01 00:00:00pages
333-7, 340-3issue
4eissn
0032-5481issn
1941-9260journal_volume
79pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Remittent isolated palsy of peripheral or of upper cranial nerves in patients with diabetes mellitus is well documented, but paralysis of a lower cranial nerve or an isolated branch of any cranial nerve has not been previously reported. In the case described, temporary paralysis of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve c...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1988.11700420
更新日期:1988-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Preview Severe metabolic complications of diabetes mellitus are a common cause of morbidity and death in both type I and type II disease. The distinctions between diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar nonketotic state are clearly defined, and accurate recognition is important for proper treatment. This article focuse...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1996.11946141
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxygen therapy is tremendously valuable for patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. A physician's prescription is needed to obtain Medicare, Medicaid, or insurance-company reimbursement, and certain guidelines must be followed: Patients are selected if significant hypoxemia is present, appropriate pharmacolog...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1988.11700464
更新日期:1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite a plethora of clinical guidelines and evidence outlining the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids, these medications continue to be underused in the treatment of asthma. This article reviews the justification for prescribing inhaled steroids as first-line therapy, discusses indications for their use, and compar...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2001.05.924
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In most cases, patients presenting with "the worst headache ever" are found to have a benign condition, notably migraine, toxic vascular headache, or exertion-induced headache. However, ominous causes first must be excluded by appropriate investigation, such as computed tomographic or magnetic resonance imaging scans ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1989.11704328
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parents of a child who is diagnosed as defective face a crisis for which they are usually unprepared. They need an opportunity to work through their intense feelings. In addition, they need specific information about how to be of use to their child. Self-help groups composed of parents of children with a similar handi...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1979.11715093
更新日期:1979-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Runny noses, sneezing, nasal congestion, and other nuisance symptoms are part and parcel of primary care practice. But how can you quickly discern which symptoms are related to common colds and which stem from allergic rhinitis? Careful history taking usually provides clues, but allergy testing may be needed when trig...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.1997.05.240
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many patients with significant carotid artery stenosis are candidates for endarterectomy, a procedure now proved to reduce the incidence of future stroke and death. In this article, Drs Jaigobin and Perry describe an approach to patients with both symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid stenosis and review current indica...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The new oral anticoagulants have many advantages over vitamin K antagonists, but they are still associated with a troublesome incidence of major bleeding. Additionally, the absence of a reversal agent for the new oral anticoagulants is a barrier to their more widespread use. Currently, there are 3 potential reversal a...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2014.11.2829
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment of congestive heart failure depends on the cause, precipitating factors, and symptoms of the disease in each patient. Dr Kahn outlines the use of the three main types of pharmacologic agents given for heart failure--diuretics, vasodilators, and digoxin. He describes a stepwise regimen, whereby agents are add...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1991.11700920
更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drug-induced jaundice is relatively uncommon but can be a diagnostic puzzle. Because so many pharmaceutical classes and individual agents can produce jaundice, a thorough history of medications taken should be obtained from a patient presenting with jaundice. Jaundice usually resolves when the offending agent is disco...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1988.11700445
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modern prospective trials have recently shown that warfarin prescribed to produce less anticoagulant effect than was customary in the past reduces cardioembolic stroke by up to 80% in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. These results represent a major advance in stroke prevention. The effectiveness of antit...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.1991.11701140
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Unresolved grief refers either to the absence or to the prolongation of normal grief. It is identified by (1) painful response to recall of the deceased, (2) realization of not having accepted the loss or of not being able to grieve, and (3) unaccountable depression, emergence of medical symptoms on the anniversary of...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1976.11714374
更新日期:1976-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A varied and balanced diet is usually adequate to meet the energy, protein, vitamin, and mineral requirements of adults and the elderly. However, some high-risk groups may require supplementation or special dietary recommendations. Some examples are persons on a weight-loss diet, alcoholics, premenopausal women, women...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1987.11699819
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) can have a profound impact on emotional health and quality of life, and current treatments are sometimes unsatisfactory for patients facing this lifelong disease. Probiotics, which can normalize gastrointestinal microflora, may alleviate symptoms of IBS. OBJECTIVE:...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.3810/pgm.2009.03.1984
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Opioids with abuse-deterrent properties may reduce widespread abuse, misuse, and diversion of these products. This study aimed to quantify misuse, abuse, dependence, and health resource use of extended-release morphine sulfate with sequestered naltrexone hydrochloride (ER-MSN; EMBEDA®), compared with non-abus...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.2019.1585688
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::GRATEFUL MED is a computer program for searching the medical literature, designed with the novice in mind. It contains an extensive list of medical subject headings, so the user does not have to page through an index of key words before starting the search. Because of its efficiency and ease of operation, the program ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1988.11700124
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elective resection and prosthetic graft replacement of asymptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysms 5 cm or more in diameter are dependable measures to counter the formidable threat of rupture. Operative mortality should be less than 5% among patients without severe associated disease. Those patients who have large aneurys...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1977.11712114
更新日期:1977-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fungal infections usually have characteristics that make them easily identifiable. In most cases, clinical diagnosis can be readily confirmed by examining the lesions under Wood's light or by placing infected material in potassium hydroxide solution and examining the preparation microscopically. Dermatophytes can be r...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1976.11714412
更新日期:1976-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Systolic dysfunction of the heart represents a state of "prerenal" azotemia, in which the excess of total body salt and water is redistributed to venous and interstitial fluid compartments. This results in a diminished effective circulating blood volume and thereby decreases tissue perfusion. The kidneys perceive the ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metformin is a first-line pharmacological treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus because of its favorable overall profile, including its glucose-lowering ability, weight-neutral effects, and low risk of hypoglycemia; however, gastrointestinal (GI) intolerance may limit use in some patients. Extended-rele...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2011.01.2241
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common problem that is distressing for patients and costly for the healthcare system. UTIs commonly affect young, sexually active women; the elderly; and patients who have predisposing factors, such as catheterization. Recurrent infections are likely to occur in all these patients gr...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.12.2000.suppl11.57
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the next 30 years, the average age of the population will continue to increase, as will the prevalence of dementia. The management of advanced dementia requires the careful orchestration of communication, prognostication, patient care, and caregiver education. Understanding the specific tools available to establish...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2014.10.2826
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radioisotope scanning is an invaluable aid in determining whether a palpable thyroid nodule is benign or malignant. In many cases, however, precise diagnosis is impossible without needle biopsy or surgical exploration. ...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1977.11714543
更新日期:1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Treatment of hypertension in African Americans has special challenges, including a lack of objective trial data on which to base decisions and differing benefits and responses than with other patients. However, adequate control is possible and should be the goal of treating physicians. This article describes current "...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.2002.10.1333
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with protracted depression respond well to long-term maintenance antidepressant therapy. A precise diagnosis is a prerequisite to therapeutic decisions. Diagnosis may be missed and treatment inadequate if symptoms are attributed solely to aging or to life's circumstances. Proper dosage is determined by the pa...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1989.11700579
更新日期:1989-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cough in children, even in infants under 1 year of age, is a frequent problem in clinical practice. Many causes are possible and should be considered, but only a few are likely. In primary care, appropriate evaluation is based on skillful history taking. In an ostensibly healthy child or infant with recurrent episodes...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1983.11698430
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In view of all the controversy surrounding travelers' diarrhea, how should patients be counseled regarding its prevention and treatment? First, all patients should be instructed on the importance of eating and drinking only safe food and water and on methods of dietary manipulation and oral rehydration therapy. The tr...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/00325481.1985.11698933
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::As efforts to improve screening for colon cancer have increased, so has the importance of routine flexible sigmoidoscopy. However, the procedure is still underused, and about half of primary care physicians who recommend it refer their patients to other physicians. Increased use of this valuable screening tool is an i...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3810/pgm.1999.06.622
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been widely used to treat inflammatory pain for decades. More recently, newer NSAIDs were developed to target the inducible isoform of cyclooxygenase (COX), COX-2, with the aim of reducing gastrointestinal toxicity. While the COX-2 selective inhibitors were effective...
journal_title:Postgraduate medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/00325481.2018.1412799
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00