Abstract:
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The non-nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor efavirenz is associated with hepatic toxicity and metabolic disturbances. Although the mechanisms involved are not clear, recent evidence has pinpointed a specific mitochondrial action of efavirenz accompanied by the induction of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/unfolded protein response in human hepatic cells. The aim of this study was to further investigate the involvement of this organelle by evaluating efavirenz's effects in cells lacking functional mitochondria (rho°) and comparing them with those of the typical mitotoxic agent rotenone, a standard complex I inhibitor, and the ER stress inducer thapsigargin. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH:Hep3B rho(+) and rho° cells were treated with clinically relevant concentrations of efavirenz, then mitochondrial function and cytotoxicity were studied using standard cell biology techniques. KEY RESULTS:Efavirenz-treated rho° cells exhibited a substantial reduction in parameters indicative of mitochondrial interference, such as increased superoxide production, mitochondrial mass/morphology alterations and enhanced expression of LONP, a highly conserved mitochondrial protease. In line with these results, the cytotoxic effect (cell number, chromatin condensation, cell cycle alterations and induction of apoptosis) of efavirenz was less pronounced in Hep3B respiration-depleted cells than in wild-type cells. The effect of efavirenz was both similar and different from those of two distinct mitochondrial stressors, thapsigargin and rotenone. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS:Cells lacking normal mitochondria (rho°) are less vulnerable to efavirenz. Our results provide further evidence that the hepatic damage induced by efavirenz involves acute interference with mitochondria and extend our knowledge of the response of mitochondria/ER to a stress stimulus.
journal_name
Br J Pharmacoljournal_title
British journal of pharmacologyauthors
Polo M,Alegre F,Funes HA,Blas-Garcia A,Victor VM,Esplugues JV,Apostolova Ndoi
10.1111/bph.13018subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-04-01 00:00:00pages
1713-27issue
7eissn
0007-1188issn
1476-5381journal_volume
172pub_type
杂志文章abstract::1 Inactivation of prostaglandin E2 in the pulmonary circulation of rabbits in vivo was measured by comparing the hypotensive effects of doses given intravenously and intra-arterially. 2 Di-4-phloretin phosphate (DPP) 25-100 mug kg-1 min-1 inhibited the inactivation of prostaglandin E2 in the pulmonary circulation. 3 T...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
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journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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