Abstract:
:The field has progressed to the point where a genetic investigation of the aging processes in Drosophila can be viewed as constituting both a serious and a feasible research program. There now exists at least one single gene mutant which yields an accelerated aging phenotype, at least two single gene null mutants affecting enzymes implicated in regulating the aging process and resulting in premature death, and at least two strains created by artificial selection which produce extended-longevity phenotypes. In addition, genes such as adh have an indirect and interactive effect upon the animal's longevity and might also play an important role in the genetic regulation of this process. Although far from complete, some essential tools are now in place and are being used to answer some of the questions posed by Martin. Of the several theories put forth to explain aging in Drosophila, it appears as if the data best uphold the free radical and the protein synthesis/gene expression theories. It is entirely possible that these two theories are complementary aspects of a broader underlying process. The genetic mechanisms controlling these physiological processes clearly do so in concert with certain environmental factors. The net effect of their interactions may be the decreased synthetic and repair ability of the cell as suggested by Lamb and by Webster. It is probably true that aging and longevity are multicausal phenotypes. Our only hope of understanding such a complex phenotype is to dissect it genetically, one (or a few) genes at a time under rigidly controlled conditions. Thorough genetic description of each system will be the prerequisite to their molecular analysis. This will likely result in multiple explanations, ideally one for each system. Yet these multiple molecular genetic explanations may well enable us to see some commonality underlying the aging process in this organism. The fact that several different lines of evidence appear to be converging on a small number of theoretical explanations is an encouraging sign. We should also be heartened by the extraordinary increase in our knowledge of embryonic development in Drosophila as a result of just such a strategy. And we should not forget that the homeotic mutants which now play such a large role in the deciphering of embryogenesis were once classified as "complex loci" and that the then-accepted explanations gave no hint of the underlying molecular relationships. For now it is fair to conclude that aging in Drosophila may be viewed as a genetically-determined, environmentally-modulated, event-dependent process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
journal_name
J Am Geriatr Socjournal_title
Journal of the American Geriatrics Societyauthors
Arking R,Dudas SPdoi
10.1111/j.1532-5415.1989.tb02240.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1989-08-01 00:00:00pages
757-73issue
8eissn
0002-8614issn
1532-5415journal_volume
37pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:OBJECTIVES:To compare the efficacy of a computer-based physical activity program (Embodied Conversational Agent-ECA) with that of a pedometer control condition in sedentary older adults. DESIGN:Single-blind block-randomized controlled trial stratified according to clinic site and health literacy status. SETTING:Three...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/jgs.12449
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine changes in functional status over time by age, gender, and ethnicity in a representative sample of older persons. DESIGN:Six-year prospective cohort study. SETTING:Alameda County, California. PARTICIPANTS:508 persons 65 years old and older at baseline in 1984. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Activities o...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1992.tb01852.x
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate medication use, out-of-pocket spending, and medication switching during the transition period for patients dually eligible for Medicaid and Medicare (dual eligibles). DESIGN:Time-trend analysis, using segmented linear regression. SETTING:Patient-level pharmacy dispensing data from January 2005 ...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02025.x
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Wisconsin Drug Utilization Review Project used Medicaid claims data to examine the use of long-term, full doses histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) among long-term care facility (LTCF) residents, ie, doses exceeding 800 mg per day of cimetidine or 150 mg per day of ranitidine for 12 weeks or more. Additional ...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1988.tb04024.x
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine whether fragmented sleep in nursing home patients would improve with increased exposure to bright light. DESIGN:Randomized controlled trial. SETTING:Two San Diego-area nursing homes. PARTICIPANTS:Seventy-seven (58 women, 19 men) nursing home residents participated. Mean age +/- standard devia...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50060.x
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Home-delivered meal programs serve a predominantly homebound older adult population, characterized by multiple chronic conditions, functional limitations, and a variety of complex care needs, both medical and social. DESIGN:A pilot study was designed to test the feasibility of leveraging routine meal-delive...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jgs.16013
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To perform an economic evaluation of a primary care-based physical activity counseling intervention that improved physical activity levels and rapid gait speed in older veterans. DESIGN:Secondary objective of randomized trial that assessed the effect of exercise counseling (relative to usual care) on physic...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/jgs.14567
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the perspectives of seriously ill individuals on reasons for 30-day hospital readmission. DESIGN:A prospective qualitative study was conducted employing individual interviews conducted at bedside. SETTING:Department of Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System. PARTICIPANTS:Serio...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jgs.13238
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine the effects of caring for a spouse with dementia on the caregiver's risk for incident dementia. DESIGN:Population-based study of incident dementia in spouses of persons with dementia. SETTING:Rural county in northern Utah. PARTICIPANTS:Two thousand four hundred forty-two subjects (1,221 married...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02806.x
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Physical performance measures, including cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPXT), are widely used in geriatric practice and aging research. Theoretically, research participants and study personnel could get infected in the closed environment of the exercise laboratory by contact with respiratory droplets from an infec...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jgs.16968
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thirty-two demented, elderly residents of a nursing home were admitted to a specially designed dementia unit. Each patient was assessed three times: prior to admission, and at four and 12 months after admission to the unit. Patients were evaluated using a modified version of a previously published assessment scale as ...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1987.tb04638.x
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite concerted effort to rehabilitate and return patients to their homes, the majority of nursing home patients are destined to spend the remainder of their days in institutional settings. These custodial care patients are elderly, have many functional disabilities, and are often demented. The traditional medical a...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1985.tb05442.x
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the association between selected chronic medical conditions (CMCs) and fall injury events at home among community-dwelling older persons. DESIGN:Population-based case-control study. SETTING:The general community. PARTICIPANTS:Persons aged 65 and older living at home, excluding those using a whe...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb01480.x
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To systematically review the current literature on the pharmacological treatment of postmeal reductions in blood pressure (BP). DESIGN:A systematic literature search and standardized data collection of randomized controlled trials on the pharmacological prevention of postprandial reductions in BP in adults ...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/jgs.12728
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Acute Care for Elders (ACE) model of care is a multicomponent intervention that improves outcomes for older patients hospitalized for acute medical illnesses. Likewise, stroke units improve outcomes for patients with acute stroke, yet the descriptions of their structure and approach to stroke management are hetero...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51521.x
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effective factors that have made it possible for an increasing proportion of the population to reach old age have nevertheless presented society with new problems and ethical dilemmas. Several questions that arise include:1) What are the responsibilities of the medical profession in providing medical care or supervisi...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1981.tb02185.x
更新日期:1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To develop and evaluate a model to estimate inpatient resource utilization for seriously ill patients using periodic medical record abstraction and hospital length of stay. DESIGN:A prospective cohort study of prognoses and preferences and outcomes of seriously ill hospitalized adults. The predictive model ...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2000.tb03127.x
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine the effect of interventions to optimize medication use on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in older adults. DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis. EMBASE, PubMed, OVID, Cochrane Library, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar were searched through April 30, 2017. SETTING:Randomized controlled ...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1111/jgs.15195
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the association between pressure-redistributing support surface (PRSS) use and incident pressure ulcers in older adults with hip fracture. DESIGN:Secondary analysis of data from prospective cohort with assessments performed as soon as possible after hospital admission and on alternating days for...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03446.x
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine whether delivery of better quality of care for urinary incontinence (UI) and falls is associated with better participant-reported outcomes. DESIGN:Retrospective cohort study. SETTING:Assessing Care of Vulnerable Elders Study 2 (ACOVE-2). PARTICIPANTS:Older (≥ 75) ambulatory care participants ...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03517.x
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To explore and deepen understanding of factors influencing driving exposure for older drivers. DESIGN:Cross-sectional. SETTING:Baseline data on function and driving exposure from 1 week of driving were evaluated. PARTICIPANTS:A convenience sample of 380 drivers aged 75 and older, residing in northwest Syd...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jgs.13440
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the association of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), body composition, and physical fitness in independent community-dwelling men and women aged 60 to 80 years. DESIGN:Cross sectional analysis. PARTICIPANTS:Independent men and women, 60 years of age and older, living in urban and suburba...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb01036.x
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To compare the effectiveness of four falls risk assessment tools (STRATIFY, Downton, Tullamore, and Tinetti) by using them simultaneously in the same environment. DESIGN:Prospective, open, observational study. SETTING:Two acute medical wards admitting predominantly older patients. PARTICIPANTS:One hundred...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53316.x
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine the combined influence of alcohol use and comorbidity on 20-year mortality in older adults (average age 66 at the time of the baseline survey). DESIGN:Longitudinal analysis of a national probability sample-based cohort study. SETTING:Data sources were the National Health and Nutrition Examinatio...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00728.x
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiovascular diseases and their treatment in the aged are discussed under the headings of ischemic heart disease, hypertension, cardiac failure (with special reference to the use of diuretics and digoxin), infective carditis and thyroid disorders. Advanced age modifies the approach to treatment; the choice of drugs ...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1975.tb00970.x
更新日期:1975-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the proportion of untreated women who reported receiving treatment after incident fracture and to identify factors that predict treatment across an international spectrum of individuals. DESIGN:Prospective observational study. Self-administered questionnaires were mailed at baseline and 1 year....
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03854.x
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The immune status of 17 healthy individuals 100-103 years of age (centenarians) was investigated. Qualitative values for immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE were within normal ranges for subjects more than 60 years of age with the exception of elevated IgM in one individual. Cell marker studies employing a panel of...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1984.tb02021.x
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the association between kyphosis (degree of forward curvature of the thoracic spine) and measures of spinal osteoporosis (height loss and vertebral fractures) and chronic back pain and disability in older women. DESIGN:A cross-sectional study. SETTING:Eleven clinical centers in the United State...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb01470.x
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/ OBJECTIVES:Prior research has shown that social engagement is beneficial to older adults' health and well-being. This study examined the association between environmental factors and social engagement of older Chinese immigrants in the United States. SAMPLE:A cross-sectional data set of Chinese immigrants ...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jgs.15899
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To compare the effects of 12 months of vitamin D3 supplementation with that placebo on lean mass, bone mineral density (BMD), and muscle strength in overweight or obese postmenopausal women completing a structured weight-loss program. DESIGN:Double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. SETTI...
journal_title:Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/jgs.14049
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00