Abstract:
:The differential effects of oral and dermal administration of single doses of 100 to 1000 mg/kg S,S,S-tri-n-butyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) on nonspecific esterases and liver metabolism enzymes were investigated one day following administration. O,O-Diethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate (parathion) and tri-o-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) were used as negative and positive controls for organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN). Brain acetylcholinesterase was significantly inhibited with topical doses of 500 and 1,000 mg/kg of DEF and with orally and dermally applied parathion. Plasma cholinesterase and liver microsomal carboxylesterase activities were significantly reduced from control in all treatment groups. Neurotoxic esterase (NTE) was significantly decreased from control with topical dosing of 200, 500, and 1000 mg/kg DEF and with TOCP treatments. Oral doses of DEF increased cytochrome P-450 content by 70 to 200% while dermal application caused a 200 to 325% increase over control. p-Chloro-N-methylaniline demethylase was also increased by DEF treatments but to a lesser extent than that of aniline hydroxylase or cytochrome P-450 content. TOCP and parathion had no significant effect on liver microsomal oxidative enzymes. Liver microsomal proteins from hens treated with phenobarbital (PB), 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC), or DEF were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A striking increase in a 49K protein band in microsomes from PB and DEF (616 and 338%, respectively) treated hens was seen, while the 55K protein band showed an 861% increase in microsomes from 3MC-treated hens. In conclusion, dermally applied DEF was more effective in inhibiting esterases and inducing cytochrome P-450 than orally administered DEF; toxicity was directly related to the dose and route of administration.
journal_name
Toxicol Appl Pharmacoljournal_title
Toxicology and applied pharmacologyauthors
Lapadula DM,Carrington CD,Abou-Donia MBdoi
10.1016/0041-008x(84)90336-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-04-01 00:00:00pages
300-10issue
2eissn
0041-008Xissn
1096-0333pii
0041-008X(84)90336-3journal_volume
73pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Exposure of mice to cationic rhodamines, Rh 123 and Rh 6G, has been found to be associated with developmental toxicity, while neutral rhodamines (e.g., Rh B) had no such effect. When mouse embryos from dams given ip injections of Rh 123, Rh 6G (15 mg/kg), or Rh B (30 mg/kg) on gestation Day (GD) 10 were examined, Rh 1...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(89)90113-0
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen mustard is a vesicant that causes damage to the respiratory tract. In these studies, we characterized the acute effects of nitrogen mustard on lung structure, inflammatory mediator expression, and pulmonary function, with the goal of identifying mediators potentially involved in toxicity. Treatment of rats (m...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2010.09.016
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An animal model was designed to study the chronopharmacokinetics of intravenous drugs and applied to anticancer agents vinorelbine (VNB) and methotrexate (MTX). Each experiment was performed on four pigs housed in a standardized light-dark cycle (12:12). Four pigs received a 0.16-mg bolus of VNB, followed by a 60-h co...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.2002.9467
更新日期:2002-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::CD-1 mice were treated ip on Day 10 of gestation with 4, 6, or 7 g/kg ethanol. Maternal and embryonic tissues were analyzed for ethanol and acetaldehyde levels by head-space gas chromatography 5 min to 24 hr after treatment. Dose-dependent ethanol concentrations were observed in maternal blood and liver. Ethanol rapid...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(84)90321-1
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The elevation of intracellular Ca2+ in various tissue through oxidative stress induced by menadione has been well documented. Increase of Ca2+ level in platelets results in aggregation of platelets. To test the hypothesis that menadione-induced Ca2+ elevations can play a role in platelet aggregation, we have studied t...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1996.0092
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We expressed rat Na(v)1.6 sodium channels in combination with the rat beta(1) and beta(2) auxiliary subunits in Xenopus laevis oocytes and evaluated the effects of the pyrethroid insecticides S-bioallethrin, deltamethrin, and tefluthrin on expressed sodium currents using the two-electrode voltage clamp technique. S-Bi...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2010.07.001
更新日期:2010-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental toxicant and an established carcinogen. Epidemiological studies implicate Cd with human breast cancer. Low micromolar concentrations of Cd promote proliferation of human breast cancer cells in vitro. The growth promotion of breast cancer cells is associated with the activation of...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2015.05.010
更新日期:2015-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::The esters of the general structure, [CH(SH)COOR]2, i.e., Di-BDMS, R = CH2CH(CH3)2; Ds-BDMS, R = CH(CH3)CH2CH3; Di-ADMS, R = CH2CH2CH(CH3)2; and D3-ADMS, R = CH(CH2CH3)2 from the reaction of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid with isobutyl, sec-butyl, isoamyl, and 3-amyl alcohols, respectively, have been prepared, chara...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(89)90262-7
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Benzene is a known human leukemogen, but its role as an in utero leukemogen remains controversial. Epidemiological studies have correlated parental exposure to benzene with an increased incidence of childhood leukemias. We hypothesize that in utero exposure to benzene may cause leukemogenesis by affecting the embryoni...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2007.12.014
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of extracellular Ca2+ in toxic liver injury was examined in two in vitro models of the rat liver, the isolated perfused liver and isolated hepatocytes. The toxins t-butylhydroperoxide and carbon tetrachloride, as well as the Ca2+ ionophore, heptafluorodimethyloctanedione (FOD), were employed to induce cellula...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(85)90157-7
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kinase activities were previously proposed to be central to germ cell apoptosis induced by ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) and its active metabolite methoxyacetic acid (MAA). We evaluated the role of tyrosine kinase pp60(c-src) in control and EGME-treated adult rat testis in vivo, as well as in vitro using cul...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1999.8870
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A single, intravenous administration of a low dose of monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP), a derivative of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline (MCT), induces progressive pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) in rats. The temporal relationship between morphologic alterations, biochemical markers ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(90)90239-q
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methyl palmitate (MP) has been shown earlier to inhibit Kupffer cells and rat peritoneal macrophages. To evaluate the potential of MP to inhibit the activation of other macrophages, RAW cells (macrophages of alveolar origin) were treated with varying concentrations of MP (0.25, 0.5, 1mM). Assessment of cytotoxicity us...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2011.04.016
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To clarify the immunotoxicity of benzene, the effects of benzene inhalation on T and B lymphocytes and immune responses in mice were examined. BALB/c male mice were exposed to 50 or 200 ppm benzene vapor, 6 hr/day for 7 or 14 consecutive days. T and B lymphocytes, in blood and spleen, were detected by the cytotoxicity...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(86)90390-x
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) has already entered clinical trials of solid tumors over ten years. However, the limited anticancer activity and dose-dependent toxicity restrict its clinical application. Here, we offered convincing evidence that CA-4 induced autophagy in various cancer cells, which was demonstrated by acrid...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2013.11.018
更新日期:2014-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is teratogenic in mice, inducing cleft palate and hydronephrosis at doses which are not overtly maternally toxic or embryotoxic. After TCDD exposure the palatal shelves of normal size come into contact, but fail to fuse due to altered differentiation of the medial epithelial ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(90)90337-t
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purified fetal bovine serum acetylcholinesterase (FBS AChE) and horse serum butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were successfully used as single pretreatment drugs for the prevention of pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate (soman) toxicity in nonhuman primates. Eight rhesus monkeys, trained to perform Primate Equilibrium Plat...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(92)90236-l
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Following exposure to 2 ppm ozone for 4 hr, two distinct effects on rat lung inflammatory cell oxidant generation were observed. TPA- and opsonized zymosan-stimulated superoxide production by the inflammatory cell population was found to be maximally inhibited 24 hr following ozone exposure. In contrast, luminol-ampli...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(89)90005-7
更新日期:1989-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::The present study examined the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis as potential mechanisms underlying effects of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener 2,2'-dichlorobiphenyl (DCB) on inositol phosphate (IP) signaling in cerebellar granule cells. DCB (100 microM) increased basal...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1996.0311
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1-Nitropyrene (1-NP), a constituent of diesel exhaust, is carcinogenic to rats and is a bacterial and mammalian mutagen. Biliary and fecal excretion of 1-NP metabolites are the major routes of excretion in rats, suggesting that hepatic metabolism plays a dominant role in determining the biological fate of 1-NP. The pu...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(84)90189-3
更新日期:1984-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, we described a family of non-targeting monomethylauristatin E (MMAE) antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) whose pharmacokinetics could be tuned through incorporation of a short polyethylene glycol (PEG) moiety of up to twelve units into a drug-linker to render the ADC surface more hydrophilic. That work demonstra...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2020.114932
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of maternal selenium deficiency on methyl mercury fetotoxicity was examined in the ICR strain of mice. Pregnant mice were fed either selenium-deficient diets based on torula yeast or selenium-supplemented diets which were identical to the former except that 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg of selenium per kilogram of di...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(87)90207-9
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phenobarbital (PB) is an effective growth stimulator of hepatic hyperplastic nodules developed with diethylnitrosamine and 2-acetylaminofluorene plus partial hepatectomy (the Solt-Farber model), but it does not apparently stimulate the growth of preneoplastic lesions produced with aflatoxin B1 (AFB). Some studies have...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(91)90142-2
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR) is present in virtually every human cell type. Representing a nuclear receptor superfamily, GR has several different isoforms essentially acting as ligand-dependent transcription factors, regulating glucocorticoid-responsive gene expression in both a positive and a negative manner. Althoug...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2017.02.003
更新日期:2017-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on ion channels has been widely studied in several cell models, but less is known about their modulatory mechanisms. In this report, the effect of mefenamic acid on voltage-activated transient outward K(+) current (I(A)) in cultured rat cerebellar granule ce...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2007.09.008
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent technological advances have moved the field of toxicogenomics from reliance on microarray platforms to high-throughput transcriptomic (HTTr) technologies that measure global gene expression. Gene expression biomarkers are emerging as useful tools for interpreting gene expression profiles to identify perturbatio...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2019.114683
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhalation of asbestos may activate the pulmonary endothelium to promote an inflammatory cell phenotype that participates in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. However, little is known about the effects of asbestos on endothelial cell function. Therefore, endothelial cells were exposed to chrysotile and crocidolit...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1996.0143
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::3-Methylindole (3-MI) is a pneumotoxic metabolite of L-tryptophan that can form in the digestive tracts of humans and ruminants as a result of microbial protein metabolism. Alternatively, human lungs can be directly exposed to 3-MI formed during protein pyrolysis and inhalation of tobacco smoke. 3-MI has been shown to...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(91)90001-u
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metoclopramide (MCA) and procainamide (PCA), two widely used benzamide drugs developed before the present regulatory climate but recently found to induce DNA breaks in human lymphocytes, were evaluated for their genotoxic effects in cultured rodent and human cells. In subtoxic concentrations neither MCA (from 0.10 to ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1995.1060
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The restoration of plasma acetylcholinesterase activity in mice following inhibition by organophosphorus pesticides and nerve agents has been attributed to synthesis of new enzyme. It is generally assumed that activity levels return to normal, are stable and do not exceed the normal level. We have observed over the pa...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2011.06.021
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00