Abstract:
:Recent initiatives calling for changes in medical education, such as the General Professional Education of the Physician and Robert Wood Johnson Reports, have recommended alternative teaching approaches to the lecture format. The Patient-Oriented Problem-Solving (POPS) exercises, sponsored by the Upjohn Company (Kalamazoo, MI) and made available for pharmacology in 1985, offer one of many possible alternatives to lectures. The technique involves group interactions between four students in a working group, each of whom must, with the aid of their colleagues, arrive at mutual solutions to simulated cases in clinical pharmacology. The exercises are intended to complement and enhance the learning of concepts from lectures, and to help students apply these concepts practically. The system is used extensively by medical, pharmacy, and other health profession schools throughout the United States and also abroad, and many thousands of exercise booklets have been distributed free of charge by the Upjohn Company. Currently, a committee of the American Medical School Pharmacology (AMSP) group, working with Upjohn Company personnel, is responsible for overseeing the writing and educational testing of new and revised exercises. The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a survey of POPS use in medical and pharmacy schools in the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico, completed in March 1993. The returns indicate continued strong interest in the approach, and the acquired data affirm its value in teaching principles of clinical pharmacology to students in basic pharmacology courses. Detailed data were obtained on patterns of use, and a number of advantages and disadvantages were identified. Priorities for the writing of new POPS exercises were expressed by the respondents. The information acquired will form the basis for planning new and revised POPS exercises in the future.
journal_name
J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
Journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Ingenito AJ,Wooles WRdoi
10.1002/j.1552-4604.1995.tb04999.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-02-01 00:00:00pages
117-27issue
2eissn
0091-2700issn
1552-4604journal_volume
35pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The present study was carried out to clarify the effects of an antianxiety drug and of personality characteristics on a psychomotor performance test. Forty-eight healthy women college students were chosen from 64 volunteers as having either high or low levels of trait anxiety, neuroticism, or extroversion. Subjects wi...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1978.tb02432.x
更新日期:1978-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Half-life is a standard result reported with analysis of pharmacokinetic data. Different definitions such as noncompartmental half-life, terminal half-life, effective half-life, and context-sensitive half-life can yield substantially different estimates of the quantity "half-life." Time to attainment of steady-state c...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jcph.1701
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We administered 0.5-and 1.0-mg doses of bumetanide intravenously to eight normal subjects with and without pretreatment with probenecid. Probenecid did not effect either the cumulative response or the time course of response of bumetanide. These results are in contrast to results reported in dogs but consistent with s...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1981.tb01772.x
更新日期:1981-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concentrations in breast milk of medications used during general anesthesia were measured to determine whether interruption of breast-feeding was indicated. Breast milk and maternal blood samples were obtained from nine women undergoing tubal sterilization under general anesthesia. Concentrations of methohexital, mepe...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1997.tb04780.x
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability and death globally. Despite significant progress in neuromonitoring and neuroprotection, pharmacological interventions have failed to generate favorable results. We examined the effect of memantine on serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), a marker of...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/jcph.980
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 14 patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) of various grade (NYHA class 2-4) the effects of zofenopril calcium (SQ 26,991) on blood pressure and forearm circulation were studied by venous occlusion plethysmography. Changes in plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone, Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and arginin...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1989.tb03282.x
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhibition of ex vivo arachidonic acid (AA)-induced aggregation is a biomarker for the isotype selectivity of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors since platelets express COX-1 but not COX-2. At low concentrations, there is broad inter- and intrasubject variability in AA-induced aggregation of platelets ex vivo. This study...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0091270003257216
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This multi-center, randomized, double-blind, multiple dose-escalation study was conducted to assess the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a newly developed polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, PEX168 once weekly in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). F...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/jcph.386
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifteen healthy women participated in a study to determine the effect of multiple doses of troglitazone on the pharmacokinetics of Ortho-Novum 1/35 (35 micrograms ethinyl estradiol [EE] and 1 mg norethindrone [NE]). Participants received three cycles (21 days each of active drug followed by 7 days without medication) ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1177/00912709922007985
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rate of change of plasma procainamide concentration during 36 hours of constant-rate intravenous infusion was examined in five acute myocardial infarction patients. It was observed that a steady-state plasma concentration was established in about 16 hours, which is consistent with simulations of plasma concentrati...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1978.tb02455.x
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Esmolol is an intravenous beta blocker with a short duration of action. The pharmacokinetics of esmolol and its acid metabolite, ASL-8123, were studied in nine patients who had stable, biopsy-proved Laennec's cirrhosis and in three normal volunteer controls. Kinetics were determined after a four-hour continuous infusi...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1987.tb05583.x
更新日期:1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::After space-flights of less than ten days, orthostatic hypotension upon reentry is characterized by plasma volume depletion that may lead to activation of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex which is also considered to be the mechanism of vasovagal (neurocardiogenic) syncope. For space-flight of longer duration, loss of cardiov...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1994.tb04988.x
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::With increasing interest in enrolling adolescent patients in adult trials, a question often arises: when can pediatric patients use adult dosages? For currently approved therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with equivalent adult and pediatric indications, body weight thresholds for pediatric patients to receive ad...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jcph.1434
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this randomized clinical trial was to compare steady-state gestational RBC and plasma folate concentrations in pregnant women supplementing daily with 1.1 mg (regular dose) vs. 5 mg (high dose) folic acid. Thirty-seven pregnant women, who were not previously taking folic acid, were enrolled in this op...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/jcph.387
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of sulindac, a purported "renal sparing" nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and its effects on renal function and prostaglandin excretion in patients with reduced glomerular filtration rate. Twelve female patients (glomerular filtration rate 37 +/- 4 mL/...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1989.tb03275.x
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The population pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of oral clonidine was characterized in newborns with neonatal abstinence syndrome, and significant covariates affecting its PK parameters were identified. Plasma clonidine concentration data were obtained from a clinical trial in which 36 newborns, aged 1 to 25 days (postnat...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0091270010370587
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was undertaken to assess the bioequivalence between a new formulation of propofol 2% and the commercially available product Diprivan. Secondary objectives were to compare the times to onset of and emergence from hypnosis, the hemodynamic effects, and the safety profiles. Twelve healthy male volunteers were ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0091270003251391
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nilotinib, an oral inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of Abelson protein, is approved for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase and patients with CML in chronic phase or accelerated phase resistant or intolerant to prior therapies. This review describes t...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jcph.1312
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hypotensive efficacy of labetalol was evaluated in 29 patients with essential hypertension in a single-blind dose ranging study. After a two-week period of placebo treatment, labetalol was given in oral doses of 0.6 g/d, 0.8 g/d, and 0.8 g/d combined with 25-50 mg/d of hydrochlorothiazide. Each regimen lasted four...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1986.tb03536.x
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article describes the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of dalteparin in pediatric patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE). A prospective multicenter open-label study was conducted in children who required anticoagulation for the treatment of VTE. The study population included children with and without cancer. ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jcph.1716
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Response to statin therapy is often unpredictable because of variability in metabolism and transport. In the recently created organic anion transporting-polypeptide 1b2 (Oatp1b2/Slco1b2)-null mice, the investigators found significantly lower liver-to-plasma ratios compared with controls for atorvastatin (16.0 ± 5.1 vs...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0091270011422815
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Procaterol, a new beta-adrenergic agonist, was tested in two different doses in patients with reversible airway obstruction. Single oral doses of 0.05 or 0.1 mg produce an increase in measured expiratory flow rates, and the peak and duration of action are both dose related. Side effects reported during this one-day st...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1982.tb02669.x
更新日期:1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The safety and efficacy of step-one therapy with enalapril, a new angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and metoprolol were compared in a double-blind, multicenter study involving 150 patients who had mild to moderate essential hypertension. After a four-week period of placebo run-in, therapy was initiated with twi...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1987.tb03050.x
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared the pharmacokinetic (PK) exposure parameters of efavirenz (EFV) and its major inactive metabolite, 8-hydroxy-efavirenz (8-OH-EFV), in an open-label, single-sequence, and parallel design of HIV-infected and tuberculosis (TB)-HIV-coinfected Ethiopian patients in the HIV-TB Pharmagene study with 20 and 33 pat...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1002/jcph.756
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This randomized crossover study in healthy participants assessed pharmacokinetic interactions between telavancin, aztreonam, and piperacillin/tazobactam. Part 1: 11 participants received telavancin 10 mg/kg, aztreonam 2 g, or a combination of telavancin 10 mg/kg+aztreonam 2 g intravenously on 3 separate days. Part 2: ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0091270009337133
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multiple oral dose escalation study was conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of entecavir in healthy subjects. Eight subjects were assigned to each of the 3 dose panels (0.1 mg, 0.5 mg, and 1 mg or matched placebo once daily for 14 days). Blood and...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0091270006293304
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty healthy volunteers (age ranging from 19 to 72) were studied for their aldosterone response to oral administration of 10 mg cisapride, a serotonin-4 receptor agonist. The participants were studied after minimum of 4-hour ambulation (high basal renin) and a repeated test after overnight bed rest (low basal renin)...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1997.tb04299.x
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety of a platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist, RGD891, and its active metabolite, RGD039, were evaluated after administration of various intravenous regimens of RGD891 to healthy male volunteers in two Phase I studies. Plasma and urine concentrations of RGD89...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A single-dose, randomized, double-blind study of parallel design was conducted to determine the analgesic efficacy and safety of ketorolac tromethamine in patients who experience moderate or severe pain after the surgical removal of three or more third molars, one of which was a bony-impacted mandibular molar. Meperid...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1992.tb03850.x
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antiretrovirals may influence methadone exposure in HIV-1-infected patients receiving methadone for opiate addiction. Rilpivirine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor for treating HIV-1 infection. In this open-label trial (NCT00744770), 13 HIV-negative volunteers continued on their regular stable methad...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jcph.222
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00