Abstract:
:After space-flights of less than ten days, orthostatic hypotension upon reentry is characterized by plasma volume depletion that may lead to activation of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex which is also considered to be the mechanism of vasovagal (neurocardiogenic) syncope. For space-flight of longer duration, loss of cardiovascular reflex control may take precedence over volume depletion and thus may have similarities to the orthostatic hypotension seen in patients with autonomic failure secondary to basal ganglial disease and peripheral neuropathies. Midodrine is an alpha-one agonist that produces arterial and venous constriction and leads to a decrease in heart rate by baroreceptor reflexes. The efficacy of Midodrine in successfully treating orthostatic hypotension secondary to autonomic failure has been shown in clinical trials. Midodrine's ability to vasoconstrict without increasing heart rate suggests that it might be a useful treatment for vasovagal syncope since stimulation of the Bezold-Jarisch reflex would be less likely. For post-space flight orthostatic hypotension, midodrine may be a useful adjunctive treatment to the measures currently being used.
journal_name
J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
Journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Piwinski SE,Jankovic J,McElligott MAdoi
10.1002/j.1552-4604.1994.tb04988.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-05-01 00:00:00pages
466-71issue
5eissn
0091-2700issn
1552-4604journal_volume
34pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The objective of this study was to investigate the gene expression signature of monocyte/macrophages and the pleiotropic effects of atorvastatin on monocytes in atherosclerotic patients. Forty patients with coronary heart diseases were randomly assigned to double-blind therapy with either 20 or 80 mg per day of atorva...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0091270009340889
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The integrated minimal model allows assessment of clinical diagnosis indices, for example, insulin sensitivity (SI ) and glucose effectiveness (SG ), from data of the insulin-modified intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), which is laborious with an intense sampling schedule, up to 32 samples. The aim of this stu...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jcph.1707
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This open-label, crossover study had two objectives: to compare the steady-state pharmacokinetics of high-dose telmisartan with and without coadministered high-dose hydrochlorothiazide and to compare the steady-state pharmacokinetics of hydrochlorothiazide with and without coadministered telmisartan. A total of 13 hea...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::As documented in national surveys, for the past several years, marijuana has been the most commonly abused drug in the United States, with approximately 6% of the population 12 years and older having used the drug in the month prior to interview. The use of marijuana is not without significant health hazards. Marijuan...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.2002.tb05997.x
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many astronauts experience intolerance to orthostatic stress after space flight, despite the ingestion of salt tablets and water equivalent to 0.9% saline just before their return to Earth. Previous research indicates that the ingestion of 1.07% saline solution increased plasma volume more than did 0.9% saline. Theref...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1994.tb04978.x
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aprepitant, a neurokinin antagonist, is an effective antiemetic agent in chemotherapy for delayed nausea and vomiting. The study objective was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of aprepitant and concurrent cyclophosphamide (CY), often a component of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) conditioning regimen, in can...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0091270011398243
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-three normal volunteers who received morphine sulphate (MS Contin) with naltrexone completed this randomized, analytically blinded, two-way crossover comparison of the bioavailability of one 200-mg oral controlled-release morphine sulfate tablet with two 100-mg MSC tablets. Morphine effects were blocked by thre...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1995.tb04094.x
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclosporin G (CSG) has produced less nephrotoxicity than cyclosporin A (CSA) at equivalent doses in animal models. Conflicting results have been reported concerning differences in the pharmacokinetics of CSA and CSG in preclinical studies, and no data exist regarding the effect of steady-state oral administration of ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1997.tb04339.x
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical pharmacologists, neurologists, internists, and all health care givers must consider the efficacy, safety, and side effect profile of a given antiepileptic drug (AED) when determining which drug is best for a given patient. The first purpose of this paper is to address whether the "new" AEDs have advantages ov...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This open-label study evaluated apixaban pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety in subjects with mild, moderate, or severe renal impairment and in healthy subjects following a single 10-mg oral dose. The primary analysis determined the relationship between apixaban AUC∞ and 24-hour creatinine clearance (CLcr )...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jcph.633
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::An open-label study evaluated the effect of steady-state venlafaxine on the single-dose pharmacokinetic profile of risperidone, a CYP2D6 substrate; its active metabolite, 9-hydroxyrisperidone; and the total active moiety (risperidone plus 9-hydroxyrisperidone). Thirty healthy subjects received a 1 mg oral dose of risp...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coronary heart disease, hypertension, and dyslipidemia are highly prevalent and commonly coexist in people who are middle-aged and older. Previous data suggested that lowering cholesterol concentrations in individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease improved clinical outcomes. Xuezhikang, a partial extract of r...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0091270009337509
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This multi-center, randomized, double-blind, multiple dose-escalation study was conducted to assess the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a newly developed polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, PEX168 once weekly in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). F...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/jcph.386
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, a new latanoprost ophthalmic solution containing cyclodextrins was developed. The purpose of the present work was to compare the stability, clinical efficacy, and adverse effect profile of this formulation with the innovator product. The innovator formulation was stable at 4 degrees C but exhibited degradati...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0091270006292626
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to investigate the multiple-dose pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of the selective α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine partial agonist, varenicline, in elderly (65-85 years old) nonsmokers. Fifty male and female subjects with normal renal function for their age were randomized to receive var...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0091270010370461
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although there are many reports of the short-term effectiveness of antiarrhythmic drugs for suppression of ventricular ectopic depolarizations, there are less data available on the long-term use of these drugs. We treated 122 patients for up to 2 years with antiarrhythmic drugs for suppression of frequent ventricular ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1990.tb03466.x
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonists doxazosin and terazosin and the 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor finasteride are used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The aim of this study was to assess the potential pharmacokinetic interaction of doxazosin or terazosin when coadministered with finasteride. This was ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/009127009803801113
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sixteen healthy male volunteers received a single oral dose of 25 mg doxylamine succinate. Doxylamine concentrations in plasma were measured by a newly developed gas chromatographic methodology, utilizing direct alkaline extraction into hexane:isoamyl alcohol followed by concentration and autoinjection. Doxylamine kin...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1985.tb02875.x
更新日期:1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight healthy men received 100 mg oral doses of etretinate separated by two-week washout periods in an open, randomized, crossover study. Etretinate was administered during a complete fast, with a standard high fat breakfast, a standard high carbohydrate breakfast, and 16 ounces of whole milk. Plasma samples were obta...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1985.tb02881.x
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Steady state pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability, and dose proportionality of cefepime were evaluated in healthy male subjects after single (250, 500, 1000, or 2000 mg) and multiple (1000 mg every 12 hours for 10 days) intramuscular injections. Safety and tolerance were also monitored. High performance liquid c...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1990.tb03569.x
更新日期:1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anxiolytic triazolobenzodiazepine alprazolam was administered to six male patients, aged 26 to 46 years, with panic disorder or agoraphobia (with panic attacks) to assess clinical effects and steady-state pharmacokinetics following multiple dosing at three levels: 3.0 mg/d, 6.0 mg/d, and 9.0 mg/d. Multiple-dose ki...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1986.tb03526.x
更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ten years' experience with a system of modifying the scoring of examinations in pharmacology based on feedback comments from students on individual questions are analyzed. Each examination (3 per year for 10 years), approximately 100 items in length, was subjected to rigorous editing by a faculty committee and an inde...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1997.tb04315.x
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is routinely used as a surrogate endpoint for the development of investigational drugs in clinical trials. GFR and staging of chronic kidney disease are typically assessed by measuring the concentration of endogenous serum biomarkers such as albumin and creatinine. However, creatinine ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jcph.1132
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intravenous administration of acetaminophen is an alternative to the oral and rectal routes, which may be contraindicated in particular clinical settings. This randomized, placebo-controlled study of intravenous acetaminophen (Ofirmev, Mallinckrodt Pharmaceuticals, Bedminster, New Jersey) in neonate and infant patient...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/jcph.1508
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A randomized, dose-escalating study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of single and multiple oral doses of pirfenidone, a promising antifibrotic agent, in 48 healthy Chinese volunteers. The effects of sex and food on the pharmacokinetics of pirfenidone were also evaluated. Pharmacokinetics was determined from serial bloo...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0091270007304104
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sixteen essential hypertensive patients were entered into a protocol assessing the effect of Spirapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, on blood pressure, the renin-aldosterone system, and renal function. Specifically monitored before, during 6 weeks, and 6 months of Spirapril therapy were plasma ren...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1993.tb04668.x
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Precision medicine in oncology is the result of an increasing awareness of patient-specific clinical features coupled with the development of genomic-based diagnostics and targeted therapeutics. Companion diagnostics designed for specific drug-target pairs were the first to widely utilize clinically applicable tumor b...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/jcph.765
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Continuous Holter recordings are often used in thorough QT studies (TQTS), with multiple 10-second electrocardiograms (ECGs) visually selected around predesignated time points. The authors hypothesized that computer-automated ECG selection would reduce within-subject variability, improve study data precision, and incr...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1177/0091270011430505
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This report describes the first evaluation in humans of Ro 41-3696. Based on its preclinical profile, Ro 41-3696, a nonbenzodiazepine partial agonist at the benzodiazepine receptor, offers promising perspectives as an innovative hypnotic drug in that it does not exhibit most of the disadvantages associated with full a...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1995.tb04126.x
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of verapamil were investigated in six chronic hemodialysis patients. A single oral 120-mg dose was administered both on a non-hemodialysis day and a hemodialysis day separated by greater than or equal to 7 days. Blood pressure and PR interval were measured simultaneously with ...
journal_title:Journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1552-4604.1988.tb03224.x
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00