Abstract:
:There is emerging evidence that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play important roles in inflammatory processes. Here we report that neutrophils have to be simultaneously activated by integrin-mediated outside-in- and G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling to induce NET formation in acute lung injury (ALI), which is associated with a high mortality rate in critically ill patients. NETs consist of decondensed chromatin decorated with granular and cytosolic proteins and they can trap extracellular pathogens. The prerequisite for NET formation is the activation of neutrophils and the release of their DNA. In a neutrophil- and platelet-dependent mouse model of ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), NETs were found in the lung microvasculature, and circulating NET components increased in the plasma. In this model, blocking integrin-mediated outside-in or either GPCR-signaling or heteromerization of platelet chemokines decreased NET formation and lung injury. Targeting NET components by DNAse1 application or neutrophil elastase-deficient mice protected mice from ALI, whereas DNase1(-/-)/Trap1(m/m) mice had an aggravated ALI, suggesting that NETs directly influence the severity of ALI. These data suggest that NETs form in the lungs during VILI, contribute to the disease process, and thus may be a promising new direction for the treatment of ALI.
journal_name
Bloodjournal_title
Bloodauthors
Rossaint J,Herter JM,Van Aken H,Napirei M,Döring Y,Weber C,Soehnlein O,Zarbock Adoi
10.1182/blood-2013-07-516484subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-04-17 00:00:00pages
2573-84issue
16eissn
0006-4971issn
1528-0020pii
blood-2013-07-516484journal_volume
123pub_type
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