Abstract：
:Azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, and cyclosporine are immunosuppressive agents commonly used by dermatologists. Azathioprine has a good safety profile and is preferred by most dermatologists for the treatment of bullous pemphigoid, cutaneous vasculitides, chronic eczematous dermatitides, and cutaneous manifestations of connective tissue diseases. For more fulminant diseases such as Wegener's granulomatosis, lymphomatoid granulomatosis, severe cases of systemic lupus erythematosus, or pemphigus, cyclophosphamide is more effective and its use is justified even though it is more toxic. Cyclosporine has been shown to be effective in a variety of dermatoses; the most promising results are seen in psoriasis, lichen planus, pyoderma gangrenosum, and chronic eczematous dermatitides. The long-term safety of cyclosporine remains to be determined, and it should be used judiciously with careful evaluation of the risk-benefit ratio in each case. Dermatologists who use immunosuppressive agents should be familiar with their indications, side effects, dosage, and monitoring.
journal_name
Dermatol Clinjournal_title
Dermatologic clinicsauthors
Ho VC,Zloty DMsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-01-01 00:00:00pages
73-85issue
1eissn
0733-8635issn
1558-0520journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Cutaneous manifestations of thyroid disease are protean in nature and can be divided into specific lesions such as the thyroglossal duct cyst and cutaneous metastases from thyroid malignancy, nonspecific signs secondary to thyroid hormone imbalance, and associated dermatologic and systemic disorders. This review repre...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8635(02)00009-8
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the past decade, midface rejuvenation has matured to allow experienced surgeons to address this area as part of a total facial rejuvenation. Procedures have advanced as successive generations of surgeons have improved understanding of this complex anatomic area. Midface rejuvenation is fraught with perils, however,...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.det.2005.03.006
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) is well known for providing expert pathology in many specialties and educational courses for civilian and military personnel. Some of the departments at the AFIP have also developed expertise in various advanced laboratory techniques for diagnosis and research that are ap...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70074-7
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Objectively evaluating disease activity in autoimmune bullous disease (AIBD) is important in terms of the clinical assessment of patients and as an outcome measure for clinical trials. Measures need to be general enough to capture the issues specific to each of the bullous dermatoses but specific enough to capture any...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.det.2011.03.015
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding the anatomy and distribution of facial fat and the alterations that occur during the aging process is essential to effectively and precisely achieve facial rejuvenation. Over the past several years, through cadaveric dissections and computed tomographic studies, much has been discovered concerning the ad...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.det.2013.09.007
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pruritus ani is a common dermatologic complaint that can be frustrating to treat. Effective therapy depends upon recognition of a variety of etiologic factors that may contribute to the symptom. ...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hyperhidrosis, characterized by excess sweat production, affects children and adults. Primary focal hyperhidrosis affects any anatomic region with sweat appendages present. Primary hyperhidrosis has traditionally been considered a problem for adults, but approximately 1.6% of adolescents and 0.6% of prepubertal childr...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.det.2014.06.005
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although new technologies are becoming available to aid in diagnosis, the skin biopsy continues to be the fundamental tool of the dermatologist to evaluate the nature of a pigmented lesion. There are 3 major techniques for the biopsy of a pigmented lesion: shave biopsy, punch/incisional biopsy, and excisional biopsy. ...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.det.2012.04.013
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Occupational contact dermatitis in hairdressers is a common clinical dermatologic problem. Apparently often secondary to irritant contact dermatitis caused by shampooing in Europe, in North America, allergic contact dermatitis related to the chemicals handled, especially oxidation dyes and permanent waving components,...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many lesions that appear in the oral cavity manifest as a nodule or swelling. A particular lesion may have the clinical characteristics of several entities, and a differential diagnosis should be generated, with a final diagnosis reached by microscopic examination. This article discusses and shows the clinical feature...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70362-4
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Calciphylaxis is defined by the presence of calcium deposits within the wall of small and medium-sized vessels. It is classically considered a life-threatening disease in patients with end-stage renal disease under dialysis. Clinically, it is characterized by the presence of painful plaques surrounded by a reticulate ...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.det.2008.05.006
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antimalarial compounds have been demonstrated to be both safe and efficacious in the treatment of lupus erythematosus as well as several other dermatologic conditions. It is imperative, however, that physicians familiarize themselves with the potential complications associated with the use of these agents. Furthermore...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cosmeceuticals are topically applied products that are more than merely cosmetic, yet are not true drugs that have undergone rigorous placebo controlled studies for safety and efficacy. There are many review articles that outline the theoretical biologic and clinical actions of these cosmeceuticals and their various i...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.det.2009.08.005
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The diagnosis of lymphoma currently relies on a combination of clinical, routine histopathologic, and immunohistochemical studies, sometimes supplemented by other special techniques such as flow cytometry, DNA analysis, and gene rearrangement study. This review considers the practical diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoma, ...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Differences have been found among blacks, whites, Asians, and Hispanics in various areas of skin structure and function. Among them is the stratum corneum lipid (ceramide) content, which is highest in Asians, then Hispanics, then whites, and lowest in blacks. Melanosomal packaging and percutaneous absorption rates for...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8635(03)00081-0
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diaper dermatitis is a term used to encompass a wide range of inflammatory processes that occur in the area covered by the diaper. The term "diaper dermatitis" is thus simply a description of the location of a rash. Numerous factors can be involved in the pathogenesis of dermatitis in the diaper area. These factors, i...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Skin cancer is reaching epidemic levels in the United States. Recent advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of melanoma have allowed improved risk stratification in the revised American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) criteria, new tests to capture patients at higher risk than their stage may indicate, ...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.det.2018.08.003
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The management of onychomycosis using topical agents has improved with the introduction of ciclopirox and amorolfine nail lacquers; other topical agents may be less effective. The combination of a nail lacquer with an oral antifungal agent may further improve efficacy rates in certain clinical presentations (eg, among...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8635(03)00025-1
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The clinical diagnosis of malignant melanoma requires the following: an acceptance of the concept of "in situ" malignancy, both clinically and histologically; a high index of suspicion concerning any pigmented lesion; recalling the mnemonic "remember your A,B,C,D's"; and a knowledge of the clinical simulators of malig...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The therapeutic approach to mucous membrane pemphigoid is site specific, with the goal of preserving function for patients with chronic and treatment-resistant disease. The involvement of certain mucosal sites (ie, ocular, laryngeal, esophageal, nasopharyngeal, and anogenital) is high risk and warrants more aggressive...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.det.2011.06.022
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Guttate and plaque psoriasis are regarded as variants of one disease but present with distinct clinical and histologic appearances. This article focuses special attention on different pathways in the development and clinical course of each, with emphasis on immunologic correlations regarding HLA system linkage and the...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article contains a potpurri of surgically related stratagems, alternative techniques, and philosophies. These surgical pearls have been selected for their simplicity, usefulness, and applicability. ...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A discussion of the pathologic findings found with aging and photodamage is used to formulate a rational preoperative regimen, treatment technique, and maintenance regimen. Details of laser treatment technique, anesthesia, and postoperative care are given. Possible contraindications are discussed, as are the pros and ...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70452-6
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The exact epidemiology of autoimmune bullous disorders in Australia is unknown. This article describes the establishment of a registry and support group to serve patients with these disorders. The registry aids research in Australia by providing epidemiologic data and maintaining an up-to-date database with patient co...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.det.2011.07.002
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rituximab is a chimeric, murine-human, monoclonal antibody against the CD20 antigen of B lymphocytes. It has been used off-label to treat and manage autoimmune and dermatologic diseases as an alternative or adjuvant therapy to systemic treatments. Due to cost, potential complications, and lack of data rituximab is use...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.det.2011.06.023
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Much progress has been made over the past 10 years with regard to development of a vaccine active against HPV. Successful protection has been achieved in animal models using species-specific papillomaviruses; however, HPV diversity may delay the development of successful HPV vaccines, especially those designed as ther...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70056-5
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As with other chemical-based industries, the pharmaceutical industry has the potential for innumerable irritants and allergens. Prompt reporting and recognition of employees' skin diseases, with clarification of the triggering factors, can lead to appropriate control and prevention in many situations. ...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Colored cosmetics are an important part of the dermatologic armamentarium. They can camouflage contour and pigment abnormalities, provide moisturization, enhance oil control, add sun protection, deliver barrier-enhancing agents, increase acne treatment, and create a sense of personal well-being. Familiarity with these...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70213-8
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The anatomic region influences the dermoscopic features of different lesions. In this article, the particular characteristics of the scalp, mucosal membranes, and lesions located on the milk line are explained. In histopathology, the benign melanocytic lesions in these locations are also named nevi of special sites, c...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.det.2013.07.003
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pemphigus is an autoimmune intraepithelial blistering disease of the skin and mucous membranes that is characterized in part by the presence of circulating IgG autoantibodies. These autoantibodies, which have been shown to be pathogenic, bind to complexes on the keratinocyte cell surface and have been utilized to esta...
journal_title：Dermatologic clinics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
