Abstract:
:The effect of ethambutol (EMB) is primarily on polymerization steps in the biosynthesis of the arabinan component of cell wall arabinogalactan (AG) of Mycobacterium smegmatis. Inhibition of the synthesis of the arabinan of lipoarabinomannan (LAM) occurred later, and thus in the cases of AG and LAM, the polymerization of D-arabinofuranose apparently involves separate pathways. While the synthesis of these arabinans was normal in an EMB-resistant isogeneic strain, the addition of EMB to the resistant strain resulted in partial inhibition of the synthesis of the arabinan of LAM and the emergence of a novel, truncated form of LAM, indicating partial susceptibility of the resistant gene(s) and providing a new intermediate in the LAM biosynthetic sequence. A consequence of inhibition of AG arabinan biosynthesis is the lack of new sites for mycolate attachment and thus the channeling of mycolate residues into a variety of free lipids which then accumulate. The primary biochemical effects of EMB can be explained by postulating separate AG and LAM pathways catalyzed by a variety of extramembranous arabinosyl transferases with various degrees of sensitivity to EMB.
journal_name
Antimicrob Agents Chemotherjournal_title
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapyauthors
Mikusová K,Slayden RA,Besra GS,Brennan PJdoi
10.1128/aac.39.11.2484subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-11-01 00:00:00pages
2484-9issue
11eissn
0066-4804issn
1098-6596journal_volume
39pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Resistance to ceftazidime, detected in isolates of Escherichia coli 5518 and Enterobacter gergoviae 3773 from our hospital, was transferred, together with resistance to aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, and other beta-lactam antibiotics, by conjugation to E. coli JP559. Both E. coli transconjugants were resi...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.38.12.2838
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The design of novel integrase (IN) inhibitors has been aided by recent crystal structures revealing the binding mode of these compounds with a full-length prototype foamy virus (PFV) IN and synthetic viral DNA ends. Earlier docking studies relied on incomplete structures and did not include the contribution of the vir...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.05292-11
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gemifloxacin mesylate (SB 265805), a new fluoronaphthyridone, was tested against 359 recent clinical anaerobic isolates by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards reference agar dilution method with supplemented brucella blood agar and an inoculum of 10(5) CFU/spot. Comparative antimicrobials tested i...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.43.9.2231
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs) are essential effectors of innate immunity, acting as a first line of defense against bacterial infections. Many AMPs exhibit high affinity for cell wall structures such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent endotoxin able to induce sepsis. Hence, understanding how AMPs can i...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.06107-11
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Free-living amoebae of the genus Acanthamoeba are causing serious chronic conditions such as destructive keratitis in contact lens wearers or granulomatous amoebic encephalitis in individuals with compromised immune systems. Both are characterized by the lack of availability of sufficiently effective and uncomplicated...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.46.3.695-701.2002
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin (AM [administered twice daily in a 25-mg/kg of body weight intravenous dose]) in 17 preterm infants (11 males; gestational age, 29 +/- 1.9 weeks; birth weight, 1,175 +/- 278 g) were evaluated on day 3 of life. Blood samples were collected from an arterial catheter at 0...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.39.2.431
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ten patients received a loading dose of tobramycin of 60 mg/m2 intravenously over 0.5 h followed immediately by 60 mg/m2 over 2 h every 4 h. The highest mean serum concentration (at the end of the loading dose) was 6.0 +/- 0.3 microgram/ml (range, 3.2 to 10.9 microgram/ml). The mean serum concentration 2 h after the e...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.17.5.834
更新日期:1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Letermovir, GW275175X (a benzimidazole), and tomeglovir (Bay38-4766) are chemically unrelated human cytomegalovirus (CMV) terminase complex inhibitors that have been tested in human subjects. UL56 gene mutations are the dominant pathway of letermovir resistance, while UL89 and UL56 mutations are known to confer benzim...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01325-17
更新日期:2017-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro susceptibility of 933 Candida isolates, from 16 French hospitals, to micafungin was determined using the Etest in each center. All isolates were then sent to a single center for determination of MICs by the EUCAST reference method. Overall essential agreement between the two tests was 98.5% at ±2 log2 dilutio...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00630-16
更新日期:2016-07-22 00:00:00
abstract::A simple technique with antibiotic-impregnated disks has been developed to demonstrate the antibiotic synergism of penicillins and aminoglycosides against enterococci. The two antibiotic disks are placed on inoculated plates so that the distance between their centers is less than the sum of the two radii of their prev...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.7.1.82
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The antifungal activities of amphotericin B and two triazoles, Sch 39304 and fluconazole, were tested against Histoplasma capsulatum. In this study Sch 39304 compared favorably with amphotericin B in treating histoplasmosis in normal and leukopenic mice, whereas fluconazole was much less active. The differences in the...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.34.4.524
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic with potent in vitro activity against gram-positive cocci, including Staphylococcus aureus. This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo efficacies of daptomycin against two clinical isolates: methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) 277 (vancomycin MIC, 2 microg/ml) and glycopept...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00510-07
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of liposomal encapsulation of ampicillin on the antibacterial activity against intracellular Listeria monocytogenes was studied by comparing survival of L. monocytogenes within peritoneal mouse macrophages in the presence of free ampicillin alone or in combination with liposome-entrapped ampicillin. In the ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.30.2.295
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Strains of Enterobacter cloacae were selected on the basis of resistance to aztreonam, ceftazidime, moxalactam, or imipenem. All strains produced the same E2 beta-lactamase, with an isoelectric point greater than 9.5 and with high hydrolytic activity in the presence of cephaloridine. Resistance to beta-lactams could n...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.27.4.555
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin are able to gain access to lung tissue and both pleural and bronchial secretions, the characteristics of transport and cellular uptake of ciprofloxacin in human epithelial lung tissue remain obscure. We have chosen human airway epithelial (Calu-3) cells, recon...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.41.12.2693
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a randomized, double-blind trial involving patients with uncomplicated influenza A H3N2 subtype virus infection, rimantadine treatment (200 mg/day for 5 days) was associated with significant reductions in nasal secretion viral titers (days 2 through 4), maximal temperature (days 2 and 3), time until defervescence (...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1128/aac.29.2.339
更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Of five parenteral cephalosporins tested against 43 lactobacilli, cephaloridine, cefazolin, and cefamandole were the most active inhibitory and bactericidal agents. Timed-kill analysis revealed a slow bactericidal effect, with significant declines in mean minimal bactericidal concentration values at 48 h versus 24 h. ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.16.1.112
更新日期:1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphorothioate oligonucleotides complementary to mRNA of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA polymerase gene or to RNA transcripts of the major immediate-early regions 1 and 2 (IE1 and IE2) of HCMV were evaluated for antiviral activity in a 96-well immunoassay with primary human dermal fibroblasts as host cells. Ol...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.37.9.1945
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new, rapid method for measuring serum levels of nafcillin by spectrofluorometry is described. The method involves extraction of 2 ml of acidified serum with n-butyl chloride, subjecting the organic solvent layer to excitation at 340 nm, and measuring the relative intensity of emission fluorescence at 380 nm. An exce...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.16.2.210
更新日期:1979-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed the activity and safety of liposomal nystatin, a broad-spectrum antifungal agent, for invasive aspergillosis in patients refractory to or intolerant of amphotericin B. Thirty-three patients were enrolled, received at least one dose of the study drug, and were evaluable for safety. Twenty-six patients had c...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.48.12.4808-4812.2004
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A new rifampin resistance gene, arr-2, has been found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The ARR-2 protein shows 54% amino acid identity to the rifampin ADP-ribosylating transferase encoded by the arr gene from Mycobacterium smegmatis. This arr-2 gene is located on a gene cassette within a class I integron. ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.43.4.960
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intraoperative biliary cefamandole concentrations were determined in 16 patients with hepatobiliary pathology. These included seven patients with cholelithiasis, five with acute cholecystitis, two with recurrent ascending cholangitis, and two with liver abscesses. Bile collected 0.5 to 2.5 h after the last antibiotic ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.22.6.1087
更新日期:1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although guidelines recommend amikacin (AMK) inhalation therapy for difficult-to-treat nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD), data are limited regarding the safety and clinical efficacy of this salvage therapy. We retrospectively evaluated the treatment outcomes of 77 patients with refractory NTM-LD cause...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00011-18
更新日期:2018-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::The repurposing of existing drugs is being pursued as a means by which to accelerate the development of novel regimens for the treatment of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB). In the current study, we assessed the activity of the antipsychotic drug thioridazine (TRZ) in combination with the standard...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.02981-14
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel beta-lactamase gene, blaOXA-61, from Campylobacter jejuni GC015 was cloned and its nucleotide sequence determined. blaOXA-61 encodes a protein of 257 amino acids in which the active-site STFK tetrad and conserved class D beta-lactamase motifs YGN and KTG were identified. A conserved sequence upstream of blaOXA...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.49.6.2515-2518.2005
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rabbits with Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis were treated with cephalothin or ceftazidime to determine whether differences in in vitro activity would result in differences in in vivo efficacy. Antibiotics were administered in doses equivalent to maximum recommended human doses, and results of laboratory tests to pr...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.26.2.231
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Selection of resistance to cefamandole has been observed, and the drug has failed to protect animals lethally infected with certain Enterobacteriaceae that appeared to be highly susceptible in vitro. Using spectrophotometric assays, some of these organisms were found to produce beta-lactamases highly active against ce...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aac.15.6.792
更新日期:1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::During investigation of susceptibility testing methods for polymyxins, 24 multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were observed to have a distinct, reproducible phenotype in which skipped wells were observed during broth microdilution testing for polymyxin B. Possible mechanisms underlying this...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.01267-08
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increases in community-acquired infections caused by extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae have important implications for hospital infection control and empirical antibiotic therapy protocols. We developed and validated a tool for identifying patients harboring these organisms at hospital ...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.00009-11
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four large staphylococcal plasmids ranging in size from 31 to 82 kbp have been shown to mediate tetracycline resistance via an integrated copy of the tet(K)-encoding plasmid pT181 which was flanked by copies of the insertion element IS257. In two cases, IS257 elements interrupted the repC reading frame of pT181 and an...
journal_title:Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AAC.40.11.2542
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00