Abstract：
:In his hypothesis of the evolution of renal functions Homer Smith proposed that the formation of glomerular nephron and body armor had been adequate for the appearance of primitive vertebrates in fresh water and that the adaptation of homoiotherms to terrestrial life was accompanied by the appearance of the loop of Henle. In the current paper, the increase in the arterial blood supply and glomerular filtration rate and the sharp elevation of the proximal reabsorption are viewed as important mechanisms in the evolution of the kidney. The presence of glomeruli in myxines and of nephron loops in lampreys suggests that fresh water animals used the preformed glomerular apparatus of early vertebrates, while mechanisms of urinary concentration was associated with the subdivision of the kidney into the renal cortex and medulla. The principles of evolution of renal functions can be observed at several levels of organizations in the kidney.
journal_name
Kidney Intjournal_title
Kidney internationalauthors
Natochin YVdoi
10.1038/ki.1996.220subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-06-01 00:00:00pages
1539-42issue
6eissn
0085-2538issn
1523-1755pii
S0085-2538(15)59514-8journal_volume
49pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Effect of varying concentrations (0 to 800 microM) of three different light chains on sodium-dependent L-(14C)alanine and D-(14C)glucose uptake by rat renal brush border membrane vesicles were studied. One kappa and two lambda type light chains (lambda-1 and lambda-2) were isolated from urines of patients with multipl...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1986.237
更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ankyrin repeat and sterile α motif (SAM) domain-containing six gene (Anks6) is a candidate for polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Originally identified in the PKD/Mhm(cy/+) rat model of PKD, the disease is caused by a mutation (R823W) in the SAM domain of the encoded protein. Recent studies support the etiological r...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.2015.122
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology (SONG) initiative is designed to improve research productivity by building consensus. Stakeholders involved with peritoneal dialysis (PD) have put life participation on top of their list, along with treatment-related infection, cardiovascular complications, and patient and techn...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.kint.2019.05.002
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The international guideline from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes suggests a hemoglobin target of 11 to 12 g/dl for children with chronic kidney disease. However, information to support this proposal is very limited in the pediatric population. Because of controversy, the unmet need is the establishment of an...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.kint.2016.10.006
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report the stepwise application of the RIFLE classification in 155,624 admissions in the UK Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre Case Mix Programme database. The assumptions required to define RIFLE and their relationship with renal replacement therapy (RRT) and ICU mortality were assessed. Previous repo...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.2015.70
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Starting from observations in intact cells and extending to studies in native membranes and solubilized membrane proteins, a significant body of evidence has been accumulated to indicate that some of the short-term regulatory influences on the Na+-H+ exchanger in the apical membrane of the proximal convoluted tubule a...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/ki.1989.226
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although it is clear that genetic predispositions play a role in progressive glomerulosclerosis, identification of specific genes is difficult because of natural genetic heterogeneity among individuals. We have reported a differential susceptibility to progressive glomerulosclerosis after induction of experimental glo...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.ki.5001757
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Progressive renal fibrosis is the final common pathway leading to renal failure irrespective of the initiating cause. Clinical studies of renal fibrosis found that prominent mast cell accumulation correlated with worse outcomes. Mast cells are pluripotent innate immune cells that synthesize and secrete profibrotic med...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.2012.211
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between leukopenia and the complement system during hemodialysis was re-examined by studying not only the in vivo effects of four different dialyzer membranes (cellulose hydrate, cuprophan, cellulose acetate, and polyacrilonitrile) on leukocyte counts and complement levels, but especially by investiga...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1983.227
更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Increased venous pressure (VP) and decreased access flow (Qa) are predictors of dialysis access graft thrombosis. VP is easily obtainable. Qa assessment requires a special device and takes more time. The aims of our randomized multicenter studies were to compare outcome in patients with grafts monitored by V...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0590041551.x
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and MHC class II (Ia) antigens are increased on proximal tubular epithelial cells (TEC) in autoimmune nephritis and transplant rejection. ICAM-1 is a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily that increases the avidity of T cell interactions with antigen-presenting cells ...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1990.221
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The OSCAR study was a multicenter, prospective randomized open-label blinded end-point study of 1164 Japanese elderly hypertensive patients comparing the efficacy of angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) uptitration to an ARB plus calcium channel blocker (CCB) combination. In this prospective study, we performed presp...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1038/ki.2012.326
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:It is currently impossible to reliably predict which diabetic patients will develop nephropathy and progress to kidney failure. Microalbuminuria, often regarded as a predictor of overt diabetic renal disease is, in fact, an indicator of established glomerular damage. We have shown that glomerular expression ...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00130.x
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because the comparison of survival in patients with renal failure treated by dialysis and transplantation may be biased by pretreatment prognostic differences in the patients who receive these two therapies, we quantified the pretreatment prognosis of all 430 dialysis and transplant patients who began therapy for end-...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1984.132
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Carriers of autosomal-recessive and X-linked Alport syndrome often have a thinned glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and have mutations in the COL4A3/COL4A4 and COL4A5 genes respectively. Recently, we have shown that many individuals with thin basement membrane disease (TBMD) are also from families where hem...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.060002480.x
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Organomercurial diuretics stimulate renin secretion although the underlying cellular mechanisms remain undefined. Since organomercurials are also known to react with sulfhydryl groups, the present studies determined the effects of sulfhydryl reagents on renin secretion. The effects of the non-diuretic mercurial agent,...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1989.57
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mechanisms responsible for renal hemodynamic alterations were studied in jaundiced (by bile-duct ligation) rabbits (BDL) 10 days after ligation of the biliary tract, in comparison with sham-operated rabbits (SO). Arterial hematocrit, plasma volume, blood pressure, abdominal inferior vena cava pressure, and heart rate ...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1980.25
更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The kidney clears numerous solutes from the plasma; however, retention of these solutes causes uremic illness when the kidneys fail. We know remarkably little about which retained solutes are toxic and this limits our ability to improve dialysis therapies. To explore this, we employed untargeted mass spectrometry to i...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.2013.154
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The defect in urinary acidification induced by amphotericin B (AMB) was further characterized in turtle bladder. Since AMB has been shown to increase the hydrogen ion (H+) permeability of this epithelium in the absence of exogenous bicarbonate ions (HCO3-), we explored the permeability characteristics in the presence ...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1977.39
更新日期：1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a key cause of hypertension and a potent independent risk for cardiovascular disease. Epidemiological studies suggest a strong genetic component determining susceptibility for renal disease and, by inference, the associated cardiovascular risk. With a subtotal nephrectomy model of kidne...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.ki.5002519
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The plasma concentrations of total homocysteine (tHcy) and total cysteine (tCys) are determined by intracellular metabolism and by renal plasma clearance, and we hypothesized that glomerular filtration is a major determinant of plasma tHcy and tCys. We studied the relationships between the glomerular filtrat...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.0550031028.x
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Levels of components of the classical and alternative complement pathways and the activity of the C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF) were measured in serum specimens from patients with type I (subendothelial deposits) and type II (intramembranous dense deposits) membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and the results...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1976.6
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anticoagulation has been reported to ameliorate antiglomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis (anti-GBM-GN) while its effect on chronic immune complex glomerulonephritis (IC-GN) as studied in the NZB mouse is unclear. Chronic serum sickness IC-GN was induced in rabbits by injecting bovine serum albumin (BSA) dai...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1975.93
更新日期：1975-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Unidirectional 32P-phosphate and 3H-mannitol fluxes were simultaneously measured, at two minutes intervals, in frog urinary bladders. The spontaneous or externally imposed transepithelial potential (PD) and short circuit current (SCC) were also recorded in most experiments. It was observed that: (1) Phosphate transfer...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1988.9
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Among Canadians starting dialysis, patients of East Asian and Indo Asian background are less likely than whites to receive a renal allograft. Although the reasons for such variation are complex, less living donation may contribute significantly. More studies are needed to confirm these differences and to evaluate stra...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.ki.5002437
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity is a poorly understood drug side-effect characterized by renal cortical interstitial scarring. To evaluate procollagen mRNA levels as an early factor in the development of this form of renal fibrosis, we measured renal procollagen alpha 1 (I), alpha 1 (III), alpha 1 (IV) and beta-ac...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1991.75
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressive drug that inhibits the transcription of several proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-2. In contrast, CsA stimulates transcription of the pleuripotent cytokine, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta). Since the effect of CsA in transplant recipients is u...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.1996.479
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Circulating donor-reactive effector memory T cells have been associated with allograft injury in humans. The next step to translate this observation into clinical practice is the design of clinical trials aimed at individualization of T cell-targeted therapy. The administration of immunosuppressive therapy based on th...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/ki.2013.295
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the high costs of treatment of people with kidney disease and associated comorbid conditions, the amount of reliable information available to guide the care of such patients is very limited. Some treatments have been assessed in randomized trials, but most such trials have been too small to detect treatment ef...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type：
doi：10.1016/j.kint.2017.04.019
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Water and small solute fluxes through cell membranes are ensured in many tissues by selective pores that belong to the major intrinsic protein family (MIP). This family includes the water channels or aquaporins (AQP) and the neutral solute facilitators such as the glycerol facilitator (GlpF). We have compared the char...
journal_title：Kidney international
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.060002422.x
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
