Abstract:
:Medicaid provides health insurance for 54 million Americans. Using the Census Bureau's Supplemental Poverty Measure (which subtracts out-of-pocket medical expenses from family resources), we estimated the impact of eliminating Medicaid. In our counterfactual, Medicaid beneficiaries would become uninsured or gain other insurance. Counterfactual medical expenditures were drawn stochastically from propensity-score-matched individuals without Medicaid. While this method captures the importance of risk protection, it likely underestimates Medicaid's impact due to unobserved differences between Medicaid and non-Medicaid individuals. Nonetheless, we find that Medicaid reduces out-of-pocket medical spending from $871 to $376 per beneficiary, and decreases poverty rates by 1.0% among children, 2.2% among disabled adults, and 0.7% among elderly individuals. When factoring in institutionalized populations, an additional 500,000 people were kept out of poverty. Overall, Medicaid kept at least 2.6 million-and as many as 3.4 million-out of poverty in 2010, making it the U.S.'s third largest anti-poverty program.
journal_name
J Health Econjournal_title
Journal of health economicsauthors
Sommers BD,Oellerich Ddoi
10.1016/j.jhealeco.2013.06.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-09-01 00:00:00pages
816-32issue
5eissn
0167-6296issn
1879-1646pii
S0167-6296(13)00091-Xjournal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We study an enhanced fee-for-service model for primary care physicians in the Family Health Groups (FHG) in Ontario, Canada. In contrast to the traditional fee-for-service (FFS) model, the FHG model includes targeted fee increases, extended hours, performance-based initiatives, and patient enrolment. Using a long pane...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2010.10.005
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Late childhood and adolescence is a critical time for social and emotional development. Over the past two decades, this life stage has been hugely affected by the almost universal adoption of the internet as a source of information, communication, and entertainment. We use a large representative sample of over 6300 ch...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2019.102274
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The shortage of health workers in many low-income countries poses a threat to the quality of health services. When the number of patients per health worker grows sufficiently high, there will be insufficient time to diagnose and treat all patients adequately. This paper tests the hypothesis that high caseload reduces ...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2010.05.006
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the rapidly aging population, relatively little is known about how cost sharing affects the elderly's medical spending. Exploiting longitudinal claims data and the drastic reduction of coinsurance from 30% to 10% at age 70 in Japan, we find that the elderly's demand responses are heterogeneous in ways that hav...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.10.005
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::EQ-5D is used in cost-effectiveness studies underlying many important health policy decisions. It comprises a survey instrument describing health states across five domains, and a system of utility values for each state. The original 3-level version of EQ-5D is being replaced with a more sensitive 5-level version but ...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.06.013
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between retirement and mortality is studied with a unique administrative data set covering the full population of Norway. A series of retirement policy changes in Norway reduced the retirement age for a group of workers but not for others. Difference-in-differences estimation based on monthly birth co...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2013.03.001
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examines the impact of early life malaria exposure on cognition in sample of Mexican adults, using the nationwide introduction of malaria eradication efforts to identify causal impacts. The core findings are that birth year exposure to malaria eradication was associated with increases in Raven Progressive M...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2012.06.003
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most employees contribute towards the cost of employer-sponsored insurance, despite tax laws that favor zero contributions. Contribution levels vary markedly across firms, and the average contribution (as a percentage of the premium) has increased over time. We offer a novel explanation for these facts: employers rais...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0167-6296(99)00007-7
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The value of a statistical life (VSL) is a very controversial topic, but one which is essential to the optimization of governmental decisions. We see a great variability in the values obtained from different studies. The source of this variability needs to be understood, in order to offer public decision-makers better...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.10.013
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conduct an applied welfare economics analysis of cigarette tax avoidance. We develop an extension of the standard formula for the optimal Pigouvian corrective tax to incorporate the possibility that consumers avoid the tax by making purchases in nearby lower tax jurisdictions. To provide a key parameter for our for...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2013.08.005
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analyze the effect of an individual insurance mandate (Medicare Levy Surcharge) on the demand for private health insurance (PHI) in Australia. With administrative income tax return data, we show that the mandate has several distinct effects on taxpayers' behavior. First, despite the large tax penalty for not having...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2014.01.001
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Do urban hospital closures affect health care access or health outcomes? We study closures in Los Angeles County between 1997 and 2003, through their effect on distance to the nearest hospital. We find that increased distance to the closest hospital increases deaths from heart attacks and unintentional injuries. This ...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2005.10.006
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::While in theory the strength of preferences for equity in health can be expressed in an 'inequality aversion parameter', in practice, analysts would have to obtain them from people's choices. We are faced with a number of methodological problems when turning to this type of empirical research. This note investigates w...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0167-6296(00)00035-7
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Partial expected value of perfect information (EVPI) quantifies the value of removing uncertainty about unknown parameters in a decision model. EVPIs can be computed via Monte Carlo methods. An outer loop samples values of the parameters of interest, and an inner loop samples the remaining parameters from their condit...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2010.03.006
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Flat capitation (uniform prospective payments) makes enrolling healthy enrollees profitable to health plans. Plans with relatively generous benefits may attract the sick and fail through a premium spiral. We simulate a model of idealized managed competition to explore the effect on market performance of alternatives t...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0167-6296(97)00029-5
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, much research has been devoted to the question of how the conventional net national product measure should be augmented so as to cover changes in the stocks of natural resources. This paper investigates the treatment of health (capital) and the risk of 'doomsday' caused by pollution in such welfare measures....
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0167-6296(94)00037-5
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper examines factors associated with differences in managed care penetration across geographic areas. Two alternative measures of managed care penetration are considered: the percentage of revenue physicians received from managed care contracts and market survey data on enrollments in managed care plans. Result...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0167-6296(97)00045-3
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work suggests but cannot prove that education improves health behaviors. We exploit a randomized intervention that increased schooling (and reduced working) among male students in the Dominican Republic, by providing information on the returns to schooling. We find that treated youths were much less likely to...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2012.05.004
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Empirical studies of the diffusion of innovations have not addressed adequately econometric problems that are characteristic of such analyses. Reanalysis of data for five innovations using an estimator with desirable statistical properties results in a considerably revised estimate of the impact of prospective reimbur...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0167-6296(85)90014-1
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many health risks are ambiguous in the sense that reliable and credible information about these risks is unavailable. In health economics, ambiguity is usually handled through sensitivity analysis, which implicitly assumes that people are neutral towards ambiguity. However, empirical evidence suggests that people are ...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2013.02.001
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We study the short- and long-term price effects of the number of competing firms, using panel-data on 1303 distinct pharmaceutical markets for 78 months within a reference-price system. We use actual transaction prices in an institutional setting with little scope for non-price competition and where simultaneity probl...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2018.06.009
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The magnitude of the value of a statistical life (VSL) is critical to the evaluation of many health and safety initiatives. To date, the large and rigorous VSL research literature has not explicitly accommodated publication selectivity bias (i.e., the reduced probability that insignificant or negative VSL values are r...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2011.10.001
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous studies have examined the effectiveness of alcohol and traffic policies in reducing automobile crashes and fatalities, but only a few have analyzed the impact of state-specific policies on motorcycle safety. Given the growing popularity and inherent safety risks of motorcycle riding, this study provides a com...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2009.05.002
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Average wages from 2,275 general hospitals in metropolitan areas across the U.S. were used to test for a wage gradient descending from hospitals in the central city through those in urbanized and finally non-urbanized areas of each county-defined metropolitan area. Significant gradients were found in MSAs of all sizes...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0167-6296(89)90005-2
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We exploit lottery-determined admission to dental school to estimate the payoffs to the study of dentistry in the Netherlands. Using data from up to 22 years after the lottery, we find that in most years after graduation dentists earn around 50,000 Euros more than they would earn in their next-best profession. The pay...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2018.11.001
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper presents a study to estimate a preference-based participation index from the Dutch London Handicap Scale (LHS) classification system that can be applied to past or future Dutch LHS data sets. A subset of 60 states were valued by a representative sample of 285 respondents of the Dutch general adult populatio...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2006.01.004
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between 1991 and 1998 English general practices had the option of holding budgets for prescribing and elective secondary care. Fundholding was reintroduced in 2005. We examine the effect of fundholding on patients' satisfaction with their practice, using a cross section of 4441 patients from 60 practices in the last y...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2006.12.003
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent analyses suggest that cigarette excise taxes lower prenatal smoking. It is unclear, however, whether the association between taxes and prenatal smoking represents a decline among women of reproductive age or a particular response by pregnant women. We address this question directly with an analysis of quit and ...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2003.06.003
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper analyses contracts to keep down costs while maintaining quality of health services when patient demand does not reflect quality. There is then a natural role for forms of contract that have emerged during the reforms of the NHS in Britain that differ from pure fixed price or cost reimbursement contracts. Th...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0167-6296(97)00019-2
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, we present a simple model of health insurance with asymmetric information, where we compare two alternative ways of organizing the insurance market. Either as a competitive insurance market, where some risks remain uninsured, or as a compulsory scheme, where however, the level of reimbursement of loss i...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0167-6296(02)00062-0
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00