Abstract:
:The shortage of health workers in many low-income countries poses a threat to the quality of health services. When the number of patients per health worker grows sufficiently high, there will be insufficient time to diagnose and treat all patients adequately. This paper tests the hypothesis that high caseload reduces the level of effort per patient in the diagnostic process. We observed 159 clinicians in 2095 outpatient consultations at 126 health facilities in rural Tanzania. Surprisingly, we find no association between caseload and the level of effort per patient. Clinicians appear to have ample amounts of idle time. We conclude that health workers are not overworked and that scaling up the number of health workers is unlikely to raise the quality of health services. Training has a positive effect on quality but is not in itself sufficient to raise quality to adequate levels.
journal_name
J Health Econjournal_title
Journal of health economicsauthors
Maestad O,Torsvik G,Aakvik Adoi
10.1016/j.jhealeco.2010.05.006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-09-01 00:00:00pages
686-98issue
5eissn
0167-6296issn
1879-1646pii
S0167-6296(10)00071-8journal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We conduct an applied welfare economics analysis of cigarette tax avoidance. We develop an extension of the standard formula for the optimal Pigouvian corrective tax to incorporate the possibility that consumers avoid the tax by making purchases in nearby lower tax jurisdictions. To provide a key parameter for our for...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2013.08.005
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Policymakers in countries around the world are faced with rising health care costs and are debating ways to reform health care to reduce expenditures. Estimates of price elasticity of expenditure are a key component for predicting expenditures under alternative policies. Using unique individual-level data compiled fro...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2012.07.002
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::While recent research has shown that cannabis access laws can reduce the use of prescription opioids, the effect of these laws on opioid use is not well understood for all dimensions of use and for the general United States population. Analyzing a dataset of over 1.5 billion individual opioid prescriptions between 201...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2019.102273
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper investigates the relationship between health care expenditure, income, and other factors that are not related to income for China with pooled cross-section and time series data. To study the stationarity property of these variables, we use panel Lagrange Multiplier (LM) unit root tests that allow for struct...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2006.12.002
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper we investigate the causal effect of years of schooling on health and health-related behavior in West Germany. We apply an instrumental variables approach using as natural experiments several changes in compulsory schooling laws between 1949 and 1969. These law changes generate exogenous variation in year...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2011.01.004
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article analyses the redistributive effect caused by health financing and the distribution of healthcare utilization in Argentina before and during the severe 2001/2002 economic crisis. Both dramatically changed during this period: the redistributive effect became much more positive and utilization shifted from p...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2010.03.008
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examine selection incentives by health plans while refining the selection index of McGuire et al. (2014) to reflect not only service predictability and predictiveness but also variation in cost sharing, risk-adjusted profits, profit margins, and newly-refined demand elasticities across 26 disaggregated types of ser...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2017.09.006
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The last time that federal excise taxes on alcoholic beverages were increased was 1991. The changes were larger than the typical state-level changes that have been used to study price effects, but the consequences have not been assessed due to the lack of a control group. Here we develop and implement a novel method f...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2012.11.003
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, we present a simple model of health insurance with asymmetric information, where we compare two alternative ways of organizing the insurance market. Either as a competitive insurance market, where some risks remain uninsured, or as a compulsory scheme, where however, the level of reimbursement of loss i...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0167-6296(02)00062-0
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Why do people purchase health insurance? Many economists would answer that it permits purchasers to avoid risk of financial loss. This note suggests that health insurance is also demanded because it represents a mechanism for gaining access to health care that would otherwise be unaffordable. For example, although a U...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0167-6296(98)00049-6
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper empirically evaluates whether government ideology and electoral motives influenced the growth of public health expenditures in 18 OECD countries over the 1971-2004 period. The results suggest that incumbents behaved opportunistically and increased the growth of public health expenditures in election years. ...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2010.07.008
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article introduces a model in which individuals incur adjustment costs associated with adaptations made following changes in their health. With adjustment costs, patients' preferences for health states depend on their initial health in such a way that improvements have lower values than corresponding deterioratio...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2003.12.004
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We test whether the heightened mortality after the death of a spouse represents correlation or causation by examining the heterogeneity in the bereavement effect based on the spouse's cause of death. Some causes of death are correlated with socioeconomic characteristics while others are not. Equality in the bereavemen...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.04.001
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from 166 general hospitals in New York State (1981) is used to estimate a quadratic and logarithmic long-run cost function. Both equations fit the data very well but give very different results. The quadratic appears in confirm the commonly-held view of a shallow U-shaped average cost curve, whereas the log funct...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0167-6296(87)90018-x
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper estimates the effect of recent federal and state level increases in the deductibility of health insurance premiums for self-employed individuals, which reduced the after-tax price of health insurance, on both the take-up of coverage and the amount of insurance purchased. Using a panel of tax returns filed b...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2009.07.002
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most health care evaluations today still assume expected utility even though the descriptive deficiencies of expected utility are well known. Prospect theory is the dominant descriptive alternative for expected utility. This paper tests whether prospect theory leads to better health evaluations than expected utility. ...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2009.09.002
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In evaluation research, some interventions are designed to affect both the subjects that receive the intervention and those that do not. Preferred provider organizations (PPOs) are an example, because if they are successful, PPOs will direct patients away from non-preferred providers towards preferred providers. When ...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0167-6296(91)90034-k
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examine the effects of diverse dimensions of hospital quality - including consumers' perceptions of unobserved attributes - on future hospital choice. We utilize consumers' stated preference weights to obtain hospital-specific estimates of perceptions about unmeasured attributes such as reputation. We report three ...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2011.05.006
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between retirement and mortality is studied with a unique administrative data set covering the full population of Norway. A series of retirement policy changes in Norway reduced the retirement age for a group of workers but not for others. Difference-in-differences estimation based on monthly birth co...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2013.03.001
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1998, Medicare adopted a per diem Prospective Payment System (PPS) for skilled nursing facility care, which was intended to deter the use of high-cost rehabilitative services. The average per diem decreased under the PPS, but because per diems increased for greater therapy minutes, the ability of the PPS to deter t...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2011.05.014
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most government employees have access to retiree health coverage, which provides them with group health coverage even if they retire before Medicare eligibility. We study the impact of retiree health coverage on the labor supply of public sector workers between the ages of 55 and 64. We find that retiree health covera...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2014.03.013
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding how physicians respond to incentives from payment schemes is a central concern in health economics research. We introduce a controlled laboratory experiment to analyse the influence of incentives from fee-for-service and capitation payments on physicians' supply of medical services. In our experiment, ph...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2011.05.001
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a recent article in this journal Lee argued that indirect medical costs should be ignored in economic evaluations. To reach this conclusion, Lee uses an unrealistic and uncommon budget constraint. This comment highlights a number of methodological problems in Lee's analysis. Moreover, it highlights that looking at ...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.07.007
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper we conduct the first national evaluation of the effect of malpractice liability pressure, as measured by malpractice premiums, on prenatal care utilization and infant health. Our results indicate that a decrease in malpractice premiums that would result from a feasible policy reform would lead to a decre...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0167-6296(01)00082-0
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::For decades, the US public and private sectors have committed substantial resources towards cancer research, but the societal payoff has not been well-understood. We quantify the value of recent gains in cancer survival, and analyze the distribution of value among various stakeholders. Between 1988 and 2000, life expe...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2010.02.006
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, we propose a flexible "two-part" random effects model (Olsen and Schafer, 2001; Tooze et al., 2002) for correlated medical cost data. Typically, medical cost data are right-skewed, involve a substantial proportion of zero values, and may exhibit heteroscedasticity. In many cases, such data are also obta...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2009.11.010
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper uses seven waves of British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) data to examine the link between health developments while smoking (both one's own and those of other smokers in the same household) and future cigarette consumption. We find those whose health worsens when smoking smoke less in the future, and are m...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0167-6296(01)00140-0
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Food and Drug Administration has accelerated the approval of therapeutically novel drugs so that patients have faster access to innovative drug therapies. Little research, however, has examined the variation in risks among therapeutically novel and less novel drugs. Do drugs that represent greater novelty also ent...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2004.03.007
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper estimates the effect of ambulatory surgical centers (ASCs) on hospital surgical volume using hospital and year fixed effects models with several robustness checks. We show that ASC entry only appears to influence a hospital's outpatient surgical volume if the facilities are within a few miles of each other....
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2010.07.003
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Assessing the welfare impact of consumer health advisories is a thorny task. Recently, Shimshack and Ward (2010) studied how U.S. households responded to FDA's 2001 mercury-in-fish advisory. They found that the average at-risk household reduced fish consumption by 21%, resulting in a 17%-reduction in mercury exposure ...
journal_title:Journal of health economics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2014.06.005
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00