Nasal cytochrome P450 2A: identification, regional localization, and metabolic activity toward hexamethylphosphoramide, a known nasal carcinogen.

abstract：:Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) induces hepatic porphyria and liver cancer in female rats, whereas toxicity is minimal in male rats. HCB is biotransformed to sulfur-containing metabolites originating from conjugation to glutathione (GSH). This study aimed to assess differences in GSH conjugation of HCB between male and female...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： D'Amour M,Charbonneau M

更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1-Nitropyrene (1-NP), a constituent of diesel exhaust, is carcinogenic to rats and is a bacterial and mammalian mutagen. Biliary and fecal excretion of 1-NP metabolites are the major routes of excretion in rats, suggesting that hepatic metabolism plays a dominant role in determining the biological fate of 1-NP. The pu...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Bond JA,Medinsky MA,Dutcher JS

更新日期：1984-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Zinc pretreatment has been shown in vitro (rat myoblasts) to induce metallothionein (MT) and inhibit cadmium (Cd)-induced protooncogenes c-myc and c-jun mRNA levels. therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether the mRNA expression of the protooncogene c-jun as well as the tumor suppressor gene p53 is ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Zheng H,Liu J,Choo KH,Michalska AE,Klaassen CD

更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhaled mineral dusts and fibres can cause chronic pulmonary inflammation, often leading to permanent scarring with loss of function, but the mechanisms involved remain obscure. There are currently no good methods for monitoring inflammatory processes in situ. Positron emission tomography (PET) of suitable intravenous...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Jones HA,Hamacher K,Clark JC,Schofield JB,Krausz T,Haslett C,Boobis AR

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Zidovudine (ZDV) is a thymidine analogue activated to its triphosphate (ZDVTP) by the host's intracellular enzymes. The initial phosphorylation step is conversion to ZDV monophosphate (ZDVMP). The poor affinity of ZDVMP for thymidylate kinase results in intracellular accumulation of ZDVMP. Clinical use of ZDV is assoc...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Sales SD,Hoggard PG,Sunderland D,Khoo S,Hart CA,Back DJ

更新日期：2001-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Methyl palmitate (MP) has been shown earlier to inhibit Kupffer cells and rat peritoneal macrophages. To evaluate the potential of MP to inhibit the activation of other macrophages, RAW cells (macrophages of alveolar origin) were treated with varying concentrations of MP (0.25, 0.5, 1mM). Assessment of cytotoxicity us...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： El-Demerdash E

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Naphthalene produces species and cell selective injury to respiratory tract epithelial cells of rodents. In these studies we determined the apparent Km, Vmax, and catalytic efficiency (Vmax/Km) for naphthalene metabolism in microsomal preparations from subcompartments of the respiratory tract of rodents and non-human ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Buckpitt A,Morin D,Murphy S,Edwards P,Van Winkle L

更新日期：2013-07-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Hyperoxia contributes to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants. New BPD is characterized as having alveolar simplification. We reported previously that aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) deficiency increased susceptibility to hyperoxic lung injury in adult mice, and this was associated ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Shivanna B,Zhang W,Jiang W,Welty SE,Couroucli XI,Wang L,Moorthy B

更新日期：2013-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:CD-1 mice were treated ip on Day 10 of gestation with 4, 6, or 7 g/kg ethanol. Maternal and embryonic tissues were analyzed for ethanol and acetaldehyde levels by head-space gas chromatography 5 min to 24 hr after treatment. Dose-dependent ethanol concentrations were observed in maternal blood and liver. Ethanol rapid...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Blakley PM,Scott WJ Jr

更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following exposure to 2 ppm ozone for 4 hr, two distinct effects on rat lung inflammatory cell oxidant generation were observed. TPA- and opsonized zymosan-stimulated superoxide production by the inflammatory cell population was found to be maximally inhibited 24 hr following ozone exposure. In contrast, luminol-ampli...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Esterline RL,Bassett DJ,Trush MA

更新日期：1989-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Prescribing appropriate Tacrolimus (Tac) dosing is still a challenge for clinicians due to the interindividual variability in dose requirement and the narrow therapeutic index. Our objective is to identify potential factors that affects Tac exposure in Tunisian Kidney patients and to develop and validate a Tac dose re...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Ben-Fredj N,Hannachi I,Chadli Z,Ben-Romdhane H,A Boughattas N,Ben-Fadhel N,Aouam K

更新日期：2020-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Organophosphorus (OP) compounds inhibit mitochondrial enzymes, respiration, and ATP generation, in addition to inducing structural changes such as matrix swelling. This implicates mitochondria as primary subcellular targets for these compounds. In this study, the health and function of cellular mitochondria following ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Carlson K,Ehrich M

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of oral exposure to 0, 5, and 25 mg/kg body wt vomitoxin (VT) on cytokine mRNA levels in spleen, Peyer's patches (PP), liver, kidney, and small intestine were evaluated in B6C3F1 mice at 2 and 4 hr postexposure using RT-PCR in conjunction with Southern hybridization analysis. The abundance of mRNAs for sev...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Azcona-Olivera JI,Ouyang Y,Murtha J,Chu FS,Pestka JJ

更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The putative neurotoxicity of the organophosphorus compound triphenyl phosphite (TPP) was examined in Long Evans, adult male rats. Animals were exposed to two 1.0 ml/kg (1184 mg/kg) injections (sc) of TPP spaced 1 week apart and sampled for biochemical and neuropathological examination. At the time of sampling, rats d...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Veronesi B,Padilla S,Newland D

更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since amitriptyline is a very frequently prescribed antidepressant drug, it is not surprising that amitriptyline toxicity is relatively common. Amitriptyline toxic systemic effects include cardiovascular, autonomous nervous, and central nervous systems. To understand the mechanisms of amitriptyline toxicity we studied...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Cordero MD,Moreno-Fernández AM,Gomez-Skarmeta JL,de Miguel M,Garrido-Maraver J,Oropesa-Avila M,Rodríguez-Hernández A,Navas P,Sánchez-Alcázar JA

更新日期：2009-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Using a highly sensitive membrane permeability assay, a viral infection was discovered in the lungs of virus antibody free (VAF) Swiss-Webster mice purchased for respiratory toxicology studies. The assay is based on the uptake of a charged fluorescent compound by cells lacking an intact plasma membrane. Lungs from 74%...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Phimister AJ,Day KC,Gunderson AD,Wong VJ,Lawson GW,Fanucchi MV,Van Winkle LS,Kendall LV,Plopper CG

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sibutramine is an inhibitor of norepinephrine and 5-HT reuptake largely used in the management of obesity. Although a fairly safe drug, postmarketing adverse effects of sibutramine were reported including abnormal ejaculation in men. This study investigates the effects of sibutramine on ejaculation and vas deferens an...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Nojimoto FD,Piffer RC,Kiguti LR,Lameu C,de Camargo AC,Pereira OC,Pupo AS

更新日期：2009-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Lead (Pb) depresses growth in infants and young children. Our earlier studies using a weanling rat model of Pb exposure suggest that this Pb effect is due to depression of appetite. In the present study we examined whether this depression of appetite is consistent with a down-regulation of the appetite "set point" as ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Hammond PB,Minnema DJ,Shulka R

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants, some of which may be neurotoxic. In vitro studies from this laboratory indicated that noncoplanar PCBs perturbed intracellular signal transduction mechanisms including Ca2+ homeostasis, receptor-mediated inositol phosphate production, and tran...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Kodavanti PR,Derr-Yellin EC,Mundy WR,Shafer TJ,Herr DW,Barone S,Choksi NY,MacPhail RC,Tilson HA

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endothelial apoptosis is a driving force in atherosclerosis development. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) promotes inflammatory and thrombotic processes and is highly atherogenic, as it stimulates macrophage cholesterol accumulation and foam cell formation. Previous studies have shown that the phosphatidylinos...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Ou HC,Lee WJ,Lee SD,Huang CY,Chiu TH,Tsai KL,Hsu WC,Sheu WH

更新日期：2010-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Arsenic in drinking water is a worldwide health problem that is associated with cardiovascular disease, but the cause is currently unknown. Arsenic effects on platelets, which are important in development of cardiovascular disease, were examined in vitro and in a drinking water study using a rat animal model. Trivalen...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lee MY,Bae ON,Chung SM,Kang KT,Lee JY,Chung JH

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Teratogenicity of the anticonvulsant phenytoin may be due in part to its bioactivation by prostaglandin synthetase, forming a reactive free radical intermediate. We examined whether teratogenicity of the structurally similar oxazolidinedione anticonvulsants, trimethadione and its N-demethylated metabolite dimethadione...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Wells PG,Nagai MK,Greco GS

更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tetrandrine, an herbal drug, has been employed in China to treat pulmonary fibrosis. To date, the mechanisms governing the antifibrotic action of tetrandrine are unknown. The present study employs a fibroblast mitogenic assay to determine whether tetrandrine directly inhibits the ability of fibroblasts to respond to s...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Reist RH,Dey RD,Durham JP,Rojanasakul Y,Castranova V

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a potent hepatocarcinogen in female but not in male rats. In an initiation-promotion model, ovariectomy inhibits TCDD-induced cell replication and reduces both TCDD-induced tumor formation and the promotion of enzyme-altered hepatocellular foci (AHF). The aim of this study...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Wyde ME,Eldridge SR,Lucier GW,Walker NJ

更新日期：2001-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The anti-HIV drug 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) is the drug of choice for preventing maternal-fetal HIV transmission during pregnancy. Our aim was to assess the cytotoxic effects of AZT on human placenta in vitro. The mechanisms of AZT-induced effects were investigated using JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells and primary ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Collier AC,Helliwell RJ,Keelan JA,Paxton JW,Mitchell MD,Tingle MD

更新日期：2003-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:To assess the relevance of previously identified axonal atrophy to hexanedione neuropathy, the present study quantitated fiber size in peripheral nerve of rats intoxicated with 2,5-hexanedione (HD) by either oral ingestion (0.4% in drinking water) or ip injection (0.4 g/kg/day). Prior to the appearance of neurobehavio...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lehning EJ,Dyer KS,Jortner BS,LoPachin RM

更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intracellular retention of toxic bile salts contributes to hepatocellular injury during cholestasis. We have recently demonstrated that toxic bile salts directly induce apoptosis in hepatocytes. As oxidative stress has been implicated in many models of apoptosis, our aim was to determine if oxidative injury is a criti...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Patel T,Gores GJ

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Increased risk of vasospasm, a spontaneous hyperconstriction, is associated with atherosclerosis, cigarette smoking, and hypertension-all conditions involving oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation. To test the role of the lipid peroxidation- and inflammation-derived aldehyde, acrolein, in human vasosp...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Conklin DJ,Bhatnagar A,Cowley HR,Johnson GH,Wiechmann RJ,Sayre LM,Trent MB,Boor PJ

更新日期：2006-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:As a class, the biguanides induce lactic acidosis, a hallmark of mitochondrial impairment. To assess potential mitochondrial impairment, we evaluated the effects of metformin, buformin and phenformin on: 1) viability of HepG2 cells grown in galactose, 2) respiration by isolated mitochondria, 3) metabolic poise of HepG...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Dykens JA,Jamieson J,Marroquin L,Nadanaciva S,Billis PA,Will Y

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the tricyclic antidepressant drugs imipramine and doxepin exert similar direct electrophysiological effects on cardiac cells, toxic cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances are much more commonly associated with imipramine than doxepin in clinical use. To ascertain if this discrepancy could be due to d...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Brennan FJ

更新日期：1984-06-30 00:00:00