Abstract:
:The purpose of this study was to compare the subchronic, low-dose effects of clozapine with those of olanzapine in a learned behavioral task previously shown to distinguish between clozapine and haloperidol with acute and subchronic treatment regimes. Rats were trained to use a single forelimb to press a force-recording operandum and simultaneously to lick water from a dipper that remained available while forelimb force exceeded a modest lower limit. Analysis of the resulting forcetime recordings provided measures of task engagement (time on task-analogous to response rate), lick rhythm, tremor, ballistic (maximum force) and tonic (hold force) forelimb force measures, as well as the durations of the individual responses. In a between-groups dosing design, five separate groups of rats received vehicle, clozapine 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg, olanzapine 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg daily for 27 days. A 7-day withdrawal period followed. On days 22 and 26 of antipsychotic drug treatment, all rats additionally received 0.3 mg/kg trihexyphenidyl or 1.0 mg/kg quipazine, respectively. The effects of olanzapine and clozapine were similar in that both drugs reduced time on task, increased response duration, and slowed lick rhythm. The two drugs differed in that clozapine reduced the force and tremor measures but olanzapine did not. Both tolerance and withdrawal effects, as reflected by the tremor measure, were observed for clozapine but not for olanzapine. Trihexyphenidyl further increased the duration of responses already lengthened by clozapine; in contrast, trihexyphenidyl decreased the duration lengthening effect of olanzapine. Taken together, the results indicated that olanzapine did not have the antitremor and hypotonic effects displayed by clozapine, and olanzapine did not induce tolerance and withdrawal phenomena as clozapine did.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Stanford JA,Fowler SCdoi
10.1007/s002130050363subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-08-01 00:00:00pages
408-14issue
4eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
132pub_type
杂志文章abstract:RATIONALE:Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is implicated in the pathophysiology of affective illness. Multiple receptor subtypes (Y1R, Y2R, and Y5R) have been suggested to contribute to NPY's effects on rodent anxiety and depression-related behaviors. OBJECTIVES:To further elucidate the role of Y1R in (1) NPY's anxiolytic-like ef...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0945-2
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Beneficial effects of nicotine on cognitive processes including attention have potential therapeutic uses and have been proposed as incentives for tobacco smoking. OBJECTIVES:To establish task conditions under which the effects of nicotine on attention are obtained reliably and to characterise such effects f...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1005-6
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were trained in a Y-maze on a two-choice simultaneous black-white discrimination with either black or white as S+. Animals were then transferred to one of three discrimination tasks. In task 1 (New S-), a new stimulus, either vertical or horizontal stripes, was substituted for the original S-. In task 2 (New S+),...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00179945
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of the noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, MK-801, on cocaine self-administration were investigated. Forty-six male Wistar rats were trained to intravenously self-administer four unit doses of cocaine (0.19, 0.38, 0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg per injection) on a progressive-ratio schedule...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050113
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Shaking movements of the body, similar to that made by a dog when wet ('wet-dog shakes'), occur in rats in response to pharmacological stimuli and in response to stimuli associated with cold and skin irritation. In this study, shaking movements, elicited by a variety of stimuli, were inhibited by central administratio...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00429002
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The i.v. pentylenetetrazol seizure threshold was increased by 2.5 mg/kg and decreased by 15 mg/kg of a single (+)-amphetamine dose. After 7 consecutive days of amphetamine administration, tolerance developed to the decrease but not to the increase in seizure threshold. At 12--48 h after the last dose of 2.5 mg/kg seiz...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00431736
更新日期:1977-01-31 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To investigate the relationship between benzodiazepine and risk of developing pneumonia in patients with schizophrenia, whose benzodiazepine dosage and usage frequency was higher than that of the general population. METHODS:We conducted a nested case-control study to assess the association between benzodiaz...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-018-5039-9
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study demonstrates that the selective delta receptor antagonists ICI 174864 and naltrindole (NTI) attenuate alcohol intake in a dose-dependent manner, without altering water intake, in rats selectively bred for alcohol preference. ICI 174864 had a very limited duration of action, as evidenced by the fact that sup...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02246191
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary dopaminergic system of two new atypical antipsychotic drugs: the ergoline derivative SDZ HDC-912, which is a dopamine (DA) D2 receptor partial agonist; and the quinolinone derivative OPC-4392, which acts as an agonist at pre...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02246969
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Red blood cell (RBC) glycine levels were examined in 27 bipolar patients, treated with lithium carbonate for a minimum of 8 months, who were either hypomanic, depressed, or euthymic in their mood. We found no difference in the RBC glycine or in the RBC: plasma glycine ratio between the hypomanic, depressed, or euthymi...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00433732
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is much evidence suggesting that the mesoamygdala dopaminergic (DAergic) system plays a crucial role in the formation and expression of fear conditioning, with both D1 and D2 receptors being involved. In addition, cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) signaling modulates DAergic pathways. The present study sought to d...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-015-4096-6
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of ovarian steroids on the benzodiazepine receptor was assessed in the elevated plus-maze and, after restraint stress, in benzodiazepine receptor binding assays. Vehicle-treated proestrous rats displayed anxiolytic behavior, relative to diestrus or estrous rats. Anxiolytic behavior was observed after 1 or 2...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02247394
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This study aims to conduct an evidence review of the effectiveness, harms, and cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenomics-guided antidepressant treatment for major depressive disorder. METHODS:We searched MEDLINE®, the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, and PsycINFO through February 2017. We used pr...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4622-9
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:A glutamate-dopamine interaction has been implicated in the psychosis-like effects of glutamate N-methyl- D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, such as phencyclidine and ketamine. However, recent imaging studies addressing striatal glutamate-dopamine interaction directly in vivo in man have been controvers...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1236-6
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of flumazenil, a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, on triazolam- and zolpidem-induced memory impairment were investigated. Sixty subjects received oral triazolam 0.5 mg, zolpidem 20.0 mg, or placebo at 10 a.m. (n = 20 per drug). Ninety minutes later, half of the subjects (n = 10) in each oral drug group ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02245635
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were made hyperphagic by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injected bilaterally into the ventral midbrain; then they were restricted to a 6 h/day feeding schedule and tested for appetite suppression with amphetamine and fenfluramine in randomized order. Amphetamine anorexia was diminished while fenfluramine anorexia was...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00426393
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of single and repeated electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) on beta-endorphin (beta-EP), cortisol, growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (Prl) plasma levels were investigated in nine depressed patients. Blood samples were monitored a day before ECT, the day of the first and sixth ECT (0, 30, 60 and 90 min after s...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02439598
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES:Previous studies show that electrical stimulation of the ventral subiculum (vSub) can reinstate drug-seeking behavior in rats following extinction. This study examined whether vSub stimulation could also evoke reinitiation of d-amphetamine (d-AMPH) self-administration during voluntary abstinenc...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1337-2
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) signaling transduction pathway has been shown to play an important role in the modulation of several ethanol-induced behaviors. Different studies have demonstrated intracellular calcium (Ca(2+))-dependent activation of the PKA cascade after ethanol administration. Thu...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3610-6
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were maintained on a regimen of restricted access to water. Desipramine (DMI) IP 1 h prior to the access period dose-dependently reduced water intake. Following completion of the dose-response determination for the effect of desipramine or water intake, rats were divided into three groups for repeated administrat...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00431934
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Several lines of evidence have indicated that the central histaminergic system might be involved in learning and memory OBJECTIVES:The aim of the present study was to ascertain the impact on memory processes of putative histaminergic-cholinergic interactions in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM) of th...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130100892
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This pilot study was conducted to evaluate the potential of the new antidepressant moclobemide to inhibit the cytochrome enzyme P4502D6 (CYP2D6) using the cough suppressant dextromethorphan as a substrate in four extensive metabolizers (EM) of debrisoquine. The subjects received seven oral doses of 20 mg dextromethorp...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050481
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that the GAbAergic striatonigral projection may form part of the efferent pathway responsible for the expression of dopamine-related oral behaviour. Consistent with this suggestion are reports that bilateral injection of the GABA agonist muscimol can produce stereotyped gnawing and biting. We rep...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00464579
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Depression is a frequent non-motor symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD) with increasing rates with the progression of the disease. Molecular imaging studies have shown a reduction of dopamine transporter (DAT) density in depressed PD patients (dPD); however, DAT role in the pathophysiology of PD depression is ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-010-1867-y
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of lormetazepam (0.03 mg/kg IV) a benzodiazepine (BZ) derivative in combination with ZK 93 426 (0.04 mg/kg IV) a beta-carboline, benzodiazepine receptor antagonist were evaluated in humans. Independently, the effects of ZK 93 426 on its own were investigated. A psychometric test battery to evaluate sedatio...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00172956
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The indirect dopamine agonist methylphenidate remediates cognitive deficits in psychopathology, but the individual characteristics that determine its effects on the brain are not known. OBJECTIVES:We aimed to determine whether targeted dopaminergically modulated traits and individual differences could predic...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4307-9
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Caveolin-1 (CAV1) is a structural protein critical for spatial organization of neuronal signaling molecules. Whether CAV1 is required for long-lasting neuronal plasticity remains unknown. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS:We sought to examine the effects of CAV1 knockout (KO) on functional plasticity and hypothesized th...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05564-2
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Central CB1 cannabinoid receptors regulate anxiety-like and appetitive consummatory behaviors. Pharmacological antagonism/inverse-agonism of CB1 receptors increases anxiety and decreases appetitive behaviors; however, neither well-defined dose nor context dependence of these effects has been simultaneously as...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3042-8
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Drug development is a high-risk and high failure enterprise, and studies that provide an early read on the pharmacodynamic activity of novel compounds could save time and money, increasing the efficiency of the drug development process. OBJECTIVE:Preclinical and clinical experiments were designed to examine ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2456-4
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission has been implicated in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and recent clinical reports suggest that some glutamate modulating agents are efficacious in the treatment of this disorder. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a readily available amino acid...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1007/s00213-005-0246-6
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00