Abstract：
:In view of recent findings on the anatomic heterogeneity of rapid vasodilation via estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent mechanisms, it is obvious that with regard to human physiology and disease much of it is still unknown, and research in this area is urgently needed. This is also important because chronic drug therapy with estrogens in women systemically affects the circulation and may affect certain arterial beds but not others. It is conceivable that the presence of any vascular disease (as was the case for coronary and carotid atherosclerosis in many of the patients in the large randomized controlled trials HERS and WHI) is likely to affect vascular responses to estrogens as well, and that any beneficial effects may be attenuated or even completely lost. Further work is required to decipher the mechanisms of vasodilation brought about by estrogens in humans and experimental animals, whether anatomic heterogeneity exists with regard to vascular beds and individual estrogen receptors, and how vascular disease (atherosclerosis in particular) affects responsiveness. Also, pharmacologcial tools for newly identified ERs are now available. The hypothesis that disease may modify or even abrogate estrogen-dependent or ER-selective vasodilation should also be tested. Finally, given that certain clinically approved drugs such as SERM or SERDs (thought only to block or downregulate nuclear ERs) actually cause vasodilation through GPER and have been shown in recent clinical studies to provide cardiovascular protection in postmenopausal women, we may have to rethink our current understanding, concepts, and strategies of how to interfere with the increased risk of vascular disease in women with estrogen deficiency or after menopause.
journal_name
J Cardiovasc Pharmacoljournal_title
Journal of cardiovascular pharmacologyauthors
Barton M,Meyer MR,Prossnitz ERdoi
10.1097/FJC.0b013e31829709d4subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-07-01 00:00:00pages
22-5issue
1eissn
0160-2446issn
1533-4023journal_volume
62pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Recent in vitro experiments have shown that amrinone enhances the release of nitric oxide (NO) from the endothelium and induces NO mediated vasodilatation. This in vivo study examined whether amrinone causes vasodilatation mediated by endothelium-derived NO, and whether this effect is attenuated in patients with endot...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-200008000-00008
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We compared the electrophysiological effects of a new amiodarone-like agent, SR 33589, with those of amiodarone. Mongrel dogs were anesthetized with chloralose, and electrodes were implanted in right atrium and ventricle for electrical stimulation and regional ECG measurement. Sinus cycle length (CL), AH interval, Wen...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-199502000-00010
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The elimination of an acute oral saline load is markedly blunted in adult Sabra hypertension-prone (SBH) rats compared with hypertension-resistant Sabra normotensive (SBN) rats. Within 2 h, urinary output and the excretion of sodium and potassium are significantly reduced, while urine osmolality is markedly elevated i...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study investigated the effects of adrenomedullin on left ventricular myocardial contraction and relaxation, coronary blood flow, and myocardial oxygen consumption in comparison with those of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). Fourteen patients who had had myocardial infarctions were randomly assigned to receive IV...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1097/00005344-200205000-00017
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intravenous diltiazem (10-300 micrograms/kg), verapamil (10-300 micrograms/kg), nifedipine (1-100 micrograms/kg) and nicardipine (1-100 micrograms/kg) inhibited the tachycardia caused by cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS, 0.5-4 Hz) in decentralized hearts of anesthetized dogs. The dose range of each drug requ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Imidazoline/guanidinium receptive sites (IGRS) are shown to be present in the subfornical organ and hypothalamic arcuate nucleus by a derivative of cirazoline, 2-(3-amino-4-[125I]iodophenoxy)methylimidazoline ([125I]AMIPI). Because many of the nonpeptide angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor antagonists contain imidazole r...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-199609000-00012
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the kinetics of amiodarone in three healthy volunteers after single oral (400 mg) and intravenous (150 mg) doses and in six patients with supraventricular tachycardia. Three patients were studied after the first oral dose (400 mg) and during subsequent therapy (200 mg/day); the other three after 5 mg/kg of ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-198203000-00015
更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Desethylamiodarone (DA) is a major metabolite of amiodarone (AM), a Class III antiarrhythmic drug. The plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of AM and DA (10 mg/kg i.v.) were compared in anesthetized dogs. Plasma, white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), liver, and skeletal muscle samples were obtained ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-198710000-00002
更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The acute effects of doxorubicin on coronary perfusion and left ventricular pressures and intracellular phosphate metabolite levels, the latter obtained by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, were measured simultaneously in isolated, isovolumic rat hearts (Langendorf preparation) perfused at constant flow. Nineteen experi...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cardioprotective effects on myocardial ischemia of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), were studied. We used the isolated arterially perfused interventricular septum of the rabbit heart submitted to 30-min global ischemia/30-min reperfusion. Mechanical [maximal ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-199811000-00022
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The different mechanisms of action of beta-blockers and calcium antagonists could result in an additive therapeutic effect in patients with angina pectoris. Twenty-one male patients aged between 41 and 68 years and suffering from chronic stable angina pectoris and coronary artery disease confirmed by angiography took ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity present in murine J774.2 monocyte/macrophages was characterized in terms of its intracellular localization, substrate specificity, and Ca2+ dependency. Traces of constitutive NO synthase activity were found in the microsomal fraction from noninduced J774.2 cells, whereas no NO s...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-199204002-00039
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The function of presynaptic angiotensin II receptors at postganglionic sympathetic terminal axons under conditions of uninterrupted sympathetic impulse traffic was studied in anesthetized rabbits (alfadolone + alfaxalone). Mean arterial pressure, postganglionic renal sympathetic firing rate, the arterial plasma noradr...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-199006000-00015
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, we provided in vitro and in vivo evidence that several vastatins with different potencies decrease arterial smooth-muscle cell (SMC) proliferation independently of their hypocholesterolemic properties. In this study, the in vivo dose-dependent antiproliferative activity of fluvastatin on neointimal formation...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study describes the hemodynamic dose-response characteristics of a titrated, continuous adenosine infusion before and 1 h (anesthetized), 1 week, and 1 year after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Average tolerated adenosine infusion rates were less 1 h and 1 week after surgery (128 +/- 23 and 118 +/- ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-199703000-00005
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigated the effects of the ATP-dependent K+ channel antagonist glyburide and the ATP-dependent K+ channel agonist pinacidil in a Langendorff-perfused rabbit isolated heart subjected to a period of global hypoxia. A class III antiarrhythmic drug, E-4031, also was studied in this model. These studies aimed to de...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-199302000-00001
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We conducted pharmacodynamic studies with a new vasodilator, MDL-899. Following initial dose-ranging studies we studied eight male normotensive volunteers, each of whom received, orally, 10 mg MDL-899 or placebo in double-blind random order. MDL-899 significantly lowered standing blood pressure, the maximal effect occ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1097/00005344-198307000-00007
更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Approximately 40-50% of the patients with end-stage cardiac failure (either ischemic or nonischemic) die suddenly and unexpectedly, most probably from ventricular fibrillation. It is unclear whether the complex ventricular arrhythmias observed in large numbers of these patients were related to the mode of death. Theor...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, we examined glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) biotransformation and cyclic GMP elevation in vascular smooth muscle before onset of GTN-induced relaxation. Isolated rabbit aortic strips (RAS) and strips of bovine pulmonary artery (BPA) and bovine pulmonary vein (BPV) were contracted submaximally and incubated wi...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-199005000-00005
更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:We investigated the efficacy of carvedilol for preventing the recurrence of atrial fibrillation and reducing QT prolongation induced by bepridil. METHODS:We assigned 144 subjects with persistent atrial fibrillation. The subjects were divided into 3 groups: carvedilol plus bepridil, candesartan plus beprid...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1097/FJC.0b013e3182790692
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) of the whole body, including cardiac sympathetic nerves, is activated in patients with severe congestive systolic heart failure (CHF). Carvedilol can improve clinical status in such patients. This study aimed to determine how carvedilol acts on the SNS to improve CHF. ME...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1097/FJC.0b013e31823a94a2
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hemodynamic effects of tetramethylpyrazine were examined in 27 anesthetized open chest dogs with electromagnetic flowmeter probes on the left circumflex coronary artery and ascending aorta. Tetramethylpyrazine, 2-15 mg/kg i.v., caused prominent systemic and coronary vasodilation, with a maximum reduction of mean a...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-198509000-00005
更新日期：1985-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prostaglandins (PG) E2, E2, E2 alpha, and I2 [prostacyclin (PGI2)] were tested in vitro on collateral arteries that enlarge following chronic occlusion of the femoral artery in the dog. After contraction with an ED50 dose of KCl, serial doses of a PG were added. Collateral arteries relaxed significantly to PGI2 (10(-7...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-198209000-00014
更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We undertook a systematic comparison of the effects of diltiazem and nifedipine and a nonspecific vasodilator, sodium nitroprusside, on renal perfusion, function, and activation of potentially relevant neurohormonal systems in the anesthetized dog. These agents were employed to reduce blood pressure to two levels, a m...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-198601000-00006
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In an initial double-blind randomized study with three parallel groups, 48 patients, mean age 49.6 years (32-65 years), with hypertension WHO I-II, were given bisoprolol in doses of 5, 10, and 20 mg. Bisoprolol is a new beta 1-selective beta-blocking agent with a plasma half-life of 10-12 h and without intrinsic sympa...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1097/00005344-198511001-00020
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Data are presented that define the risks of elevated blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic, and support the recent recommendations of the Third Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in the United States that a consistently elevated pressure level above 140/90 mm ...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-198507001-00020
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Roughly 40% of all diabetics, whether insulin dependent or not, develop persistent albuminuria, a decline in their glomerular filtration rate, and elevated blood pressure, i.e., diabetic nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy is the single most important cause of end-stage renal disease in the Western world, accounting for...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1097/00005344-199219006-00004
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interest in the cardiovascular protective effects of calcium channel antagonists has increased in the past decade. We investigated prevention of vascular wall remodeling by the long-acting calcium channel antagonist pranidipine in 12-week-old Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats with high-salt-induced (4% NaCl) hypertension....
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-199406000-00016
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of pressure-sensitive mechanoreceptors (PSMRs) in histamine-stimulated nitric oxide release from cultured human endothelial cells was investigated, using our new method (helium pack method). PSMRs were stimulated by various levels of pressure applied in addition to atmospheric pressure (40, 80, 120, and 160 m...
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1097/00005344-199204002-00020
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To evaluate the role of the sympathetic nervous system in essential hypertension and the influence of clonidine, 28 male subjects with mild to moderate hypertension were either treated with low-dose clonidine (n = 14, mean age: 42.4 +/- 2.1 years) or were randomized to a nontreated control group (n = 14, mean age: 40....
journal_title：Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
