Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate increases ambulatory activity in mice: pharmacological analyses of its neurochemical mechanism.

abstract：:Using a highly sensitive membrane permeability assay, a viral infection was discovered in the lungs of virus antibody free (VAF) Swiss-Webster mice purchased for respiratory toxicology studies. The assay is based on the uptake of a charged fluorescent compound by cells lacking an intact plasma membrane. Lungs from 74%...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Phimister AJ,Day KC,Gunderson AD,Wong VJ,Lawson GW,Fanucchi MV,Van Winkle LS,Kendall LV,Plopper CG

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lead (Pb) depresses growth in infants and young children. Our earlier studies using a weanling rat model of Pb exposure suggest that this Pb effect is due to depression of appetite. In the present study we examined whether this depression of appetite is consistent with a down-regulation of the appetite "set point" as ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Hammond PB,Minnema DJ,Shulka R

更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Perinatal and juvenile oral treatment of rats with methoxychlor (MXC) only during development reduces testicular size and Sertoli cell number in those animals as adults. The objectives were to determine if MXC administered orally reduces numbers of spermatogonia and daily sperm production that parallel reduction in Se...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Staub C,Hardy VB,Chapin RE,Harris MW,Johnson L

更新日期：2002-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Mice lacking the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, have decreased tissue GSH. We previously showed that Gclm-/- embryos have increased sensitivity to the prenatal in vivo ovarian toxicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lim J,Luderer U

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tolerance to several toxic effects of Cd, including lethality, has been shown following pretreatment with Cd. This study was designed to determine if tolerance also develops to Cd-induced hepatotoxicity. Rats were challenged with Cd (2.0, 3.0, 4.0, or 5.0 mg/kg, iv) 24 hr after pretreatment with saline (2 ml/kg, sc) o...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Goering PL,Klaassen CD

更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An animal model was designed to study the chronopharmacokinetics of intravenous drugs and applied to anticancer agents vinorelbine (VNB) and methotrexate (MTX). Each experiment was performed on four pigs housed in a standardized light-dark cycle (12:12). Four pigs received a 0.16-mg bolus of VNB, followed by a 60-h co...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Prémaud A,Rousseau A,Gicquel M,Ragot S,Manceau J,Laurentie M,Marquet P

更新日期：2002-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Contact sensitization is caused by low molecular weight compounds which penetrate the skin and bind to protein. In many cases, these compounds are activated to reactive species, either by autoxidation on exposure to air or by metabolic activation in the skin. Geraniol, a widely used fragrance chemical, is considered t...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Hagvall L,Baron JM,Börje A,Weidolf L,Merk H,Karlberg AT

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested that airway irritation, by acting as an adjuvant, as well as producing damage, may be an important factor related to asthma. The present study examined the window of time following acute upper and lower airway irritant exposure to determine the period of increased risk of immunological sensitizat...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Siegel PD,Al-Humadi NH,Nelson ER,Lewis DM,Hubbs AF

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gap junctional intercellular communication appears to be important in the regulation of cellular homeostasis, differentiated cell functions, and growth control in adult tissues. Interruption of intercellular communication by chemical compounds has been shown to be a sublethal response to a number of tumor promoters. T...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Klaunig JE,Ruch RJ,Weghorst CM

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:1,6-Hexamethylene diisocyanate biuret trimer (HDI-BT) is a nonvolatile isocyanate that is a component of polyurethane spray paints. HDI-BT is a potent irritant that when inhaled stimulates sensory nerves of the respiratory tract. The role of sensory nerves in modulating lung injury following inhalation of HDI-BT was a...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lee CT,Poovey HG,Rando RJ,Hoyle GW

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heavy metals in the environment originate from both human activities and natural processes. Exposure to these metals can result in important changes to immune activity. Depending on the metal and dose, these changes can result in enhanced immune function, diminished immune responses, or altered responses that produce ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lynes MA,Fontenot AP,Lawrence DA,Rosenspire AJ,Pollard KM

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dithiocarbamates have a wide spectrum of applications in industry, agriculture and medicine with new applications being actively investigated. One adverse effect of dithiocarbamates is the neurotoxicity observed in humans and experimental animals. Results from previous studies have suggested that dithiocarbamates elev...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Viquez OM,Valentine HL,Amarnath K,Milatovic D,Valentine WM

更新日期：2008-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Most of the cytotoxicity induced by ionizing radiation is mediated by radical-induced DNA double-strand breaks. Cellular protection from free radicals can be stimulated several fold by sulforaphane-mediated activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 that regulates more than 50 genes involved in the detoxification of ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Mathew ST,Bergström P,Hammarsten O

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As the main toxic component of aristolochic acid, aristolochic acid I (AAI) is primarily found in Aristolochiaceae plants such as Aristolochia, Aristolochia fangchi and Caulis aristolochiae manshuriensis. AAI has been proven to be carcinogenic, mutagenic and nephrotoxic. Although the role of AAI in testicular toxicity...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Cui Y,Han J,Ren J,Chen H,Xu B,Song N,Li H,Liang A,Shen G

更新日期：2019-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The rate-limiting step in chemically induced, male rat-specific hyaline droplet nephropathy is the reversible binding of a xenobiotic to alpha 2u-globulin. In this study, equilibrium saturation binding experiments were conducted to evaluate the in vitro binding of d-limonene-1,2-oxide (dLO) and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-penta...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Lehman-McKeeman LD,Caudill D

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Carnosic acid (CA), a major bioactive component in rosemary extract, has many biological and pharmaceutical activities. Smad3 acetylation can regulate the transcription of type I α2 collagen (COL1A2), which is the major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether C...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Zhao Y,Shi X,Ding C,Feng D,Li Y,Hu Y,Wang L,Gao D,Tian X,Yao J

更新日期：2018-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of oxygen tension, insulin, and glucagon on the preservation and induction of cytochrome P450 isoenzyme activities and contents was investigated in rat hepatocytes cultured for 4 days on crude liver membrane fractions at 4 or 13% O2. At 13% O2, three out of six immunochemically analyzed P450 isoenzymes were s...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Saad B,Thomas H,Schawalder H,Waechter F,Maier P

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Isoflurane is known to increase β-amyloid aggregation and neuronal damage. We hypothesized that isoflurane will have similar effects on the polyglutamine huntingtin protein and will cause alterations in intracellular calcium homeostasis. We tested this hypothesis in striatal cells from the expanded glutamine huntingti...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Wang Q,Liang G,Yang H,Wang S,Eckenhoff MF,Wei H

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a bile acid-activated transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. FXR deficiency in mice results in cholestasis, metabolic disorders, and tumorigenesis in liver and intestine. FXR is known to contribute to pathogenesis by regulating gene transcription; however,...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Zhu Y,Li G,Dong Y,Zhou HH,Kong B,Aleksunes LM,Richardson JR,Li F,Guo GL

更新日期：2013-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A series of psychopharmacological agents were administered to adult male Fischer-344 rats pretreated with a tremorigenic dose of chlordecone in an attempt to elucidate the involvement of spinal and supraspinal processes in the mediation and/or expression of chlordecone-induced tremor. Agents effective in attenuating t...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Gerhart JM,Hong JS,Tilson HA

更新日期：1983-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The disposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the respiratory tract of the Beagle dog was measured and presented in two previous papers. In this paper, the data were used to demonstrate that highly lipophilic toxicants, such as PAHs, were diffusion-limited during clearance from the respiratory tract. O...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Gerde P,Muggenburg BA,Henderson RF

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), was compared to dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (DBC) and combinations of three environmental PAH mixtures (coal tar, diesel particulate and cigarette smoke condensate) using a two stage, FVB/N mouse skin tumor model. DBC (4nmol) was most potent, reaching 100% tu...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Siddens LK,Larkin A,Krueger SK,Bradfield CA,Waters KM,Tilton SC,Pereira CB,Löhr CV,Arlt VM,Phillips DH,Williams DE,Baird WM

更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T-2 toxin, a trichothecene mycotoxin, is a potently cytotoxic and immunosuppressive secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium fungi. Young male white Swiss mice were fed a diet supplemented with T-2 toxin at levels of 5, 10, or 20 ppm, control diet ad libitum, or control diet at a restricted rate for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Friend SC,Babiuk LA,Schiefer HB

更新日期：1983-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The Zrt/Irt-related protein 8 (ZIP8) encoded by slc39a8 is now emerging as an important zinc transporter involved in cellular cadmium incorporation. We have previously shown that mRNA and protein levels of ZIP8 were decreased in cadmium-resistant metallothionein-null (A7) cells, leading to a decrease in cadmium accumu...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Fujishiro H,Okugaki S,Yasumitsu S,Enomoto S,Himeno S

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Various drugs have been shown to stimulate surfactant phospholipid metabolism. Particularly beta-adrenergic agonists play an important role under physiologic conditions. For the first time we have studied whether nitrogen dioxide (NO2) inhalation alters beta-adrenergic regulation of surfactant phospholipid metabolism ...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Mengel RG,Bernhard W,Barth P,von Wichert P,Müller B

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Combined exposure of cadmium (Cd) and insulin resistance (IR) might be responsible for subfertility. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Cd in vitro in IR human granulosa cells. Isolated human granulosa cells from control and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) follicular fluid samples were confirmed for...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Belani M,Shah P,Banker M,Gupta S

更新日期：2016-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Vinylcyclohexene (VCH) is an industrial byproduct that is known to cause the destruction of ovarian follicles in mice. Its analog, 4-phenylcyclohexene (4PC), is a volatile product from latex-backed carpeting. These studies were undertaken to assess the structure-activity relationships of these compounds and the potent...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Hooser SB,Parola LR,Van Ert MD,Sipes IG

更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MCC-555 is a novel PPARα/γ dual ligand of the thiazolidinedione class and was recently developed as an anti-diabetic drug with unique properties. MCC-555 also has anti-proliferative activity through growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in several cancer cell types. Our group has shown that MCC-555 targets several...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Min KW,Zhang X,Imchen T,Baek SJ

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is conflicting evidence in the literature as to the predominant mechanism and also the compositional element(s) that drives the pulmonary inflammatory response of ambient particulate matter (PM). We have investigated the inflammogenic potential of coarse (2.5-10 microm) and fine (<2.5 microm) PM from both a rura...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Schins RP,Lightbody JH,Borm PJ,Shi T,Donaldson K,Stone V

更新日期：2004-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have confirmed that maternal tobacco smoking causes intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and skeletal growth retardation. Among a multitude of chemicals associated with cigarette smoking, nicotine is one of the leading candidates for causing low birth weights. However, the possible mechanism of dela...

journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology

authors： Deng Y,Cao H,Cu F,Xu D,Lei Y,Tan Y,Magdalou J,Wang H,Chen L

更新日期：2013-05-15 00:00:00