Abstract:
:T-2 toxin, a trichothecene mycotoxin, is a potently cytotoxic and immunosuppressive secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium fungi. Young male white Swiss mice were fed a diet supplemented with T-2 toxin at levels of 5, 10, or 20 ppm, control diet ad libitum, or control diet at a restricted rate for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks. The effect of the toxin on the immune system of these mice was assessed by counting total spleen cell numbers and the in vitro proliferative response of spleen cells from these mice to the polyclonal mitogens, concanavalin A (Con A), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Body weight gains were also measured. Initially, the ingestion of T-2 toxin and restricted diet depressed total spleen cell counts, but after 3 weeks, only the spleen cell counts of mice fed 20 ppm of T-2 toxin were significantly lower. Consumption of 20 ppm of T-2 toxin by mice for 1 to 4 weeks depressed the spleen proliferative responses to the T-cell mitogen Con A; however, the response to LPS, a B-cell mitogen, was depressed in mice fed 10 and 20 ppm of T-2 toxin as well as in mice fed a control diet at a restricted rate. In order to determine whether T-2 toxin could induce reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), latency was established in the trigeminal ganglia of mice. Feeding of T-2 toxin at 5, 10, and 20 ppm levels for 3 or 6 weeks did not reactivate virus; however, treatment with liquid nitrogen and cyclophosphamide did reactivate virus. These results demonstrate that although T-2 can cause immunosuppression, this response is not sufficient to reactivate HSV-1.
journal_name
Toxicol Appl Pharmacoljournal_title
Toxicology and applied pharmacologyauthors
Friend SC,Babiuk LA,Schiefer HBdoi
10.1016/0041-008x(83)90304-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1983-06-30 00:00:00pages
234-44issue
2eissn
0041-008Xissn
1096-0333pii
0041-008X(83)90304-6journal_volume
69pub_type
杂志文章abstract::With the purpose of assessing the effect of uranyl nitrate (UN) on the rate of erythropoiesis, 1 mg/kg of the compound was injected iv to adult female Wistar rats. The dosing vehicle was injected into control animals. A single injection of UN induced a transient depression of the rate of red cell volume 59Fe uptake, w...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(89)90008-2
更新日期:1989-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Lipid rafts are microdomains of the plasma membrane enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids, and play an important role in the initiation of many pharmacological agent-induced signaling pathways and toxicological effects. The structure of lipid rafts is dynamic, resulting in an ever-changing content of both lipids a...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2012.01.007
更新日期:2012-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::The threshold hemodynamic changes associated with the cardiovascular (CV) toxicity of minoxidil (MNX) in the dog, characterized by subendocardial necrosis, right atrial hemorrhagic lesions, and coronary vascular medial hemorrhage and necrosis, have not been defined. To determine the relationship between serum concentr...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1996.0229
更新日期:1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulation, tissue distribution, and depuration of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-derived 3H were examined in fingerling yellow perch fed a diet containing 494 ppt of [3H]TCDD for 13 weeks followed by the same diet without TCDD for 13 weeks. None of the TCDD-exposed perch showed any signs of overt toxici...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(86)90222-x
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interference of exogenous chemicals with the aromatase enzyme can be useful as a tool to identify chemicals that could act either chemopreventive for hormone-dependent cancer or adverse endocrine disruptive. Aromatase is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of steroids, as it converts androgens to estrogens. Certain fla...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2007.12.007
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A discrete-time simulation model of carcinogenesis is described mathematically using recursive relationships between time-varying model variables. The dynamics of cellular behavior is represented within a biological framework that encompasses two irreversible and heritable genetic changes. Empirical data and biologica...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(92)90013-i
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biochemical, functional and morphologic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the hearts of female rats were examined. Six days after the treatment of rats with TCDD, the blood pressures and resting heart rates were significantly less than in control animals. Treated animals were also less responsiv...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(88)90154-8
更新日期:1988-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::The high affinity metal-binding protein metallothionein (MT) is thought to detoxify cadmium (Cd) but appears to be deficient in several known targets of Cd carcinogenesis. The rat ventral prostate (VP) was recently identified as one of these target tissues. The nature of the Cd-binding proteins in the prostate has not...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(89)90214-7
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anti-neoplastic antibiotic used to treat a variety of malignancies; however, its use is limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Moreover, there is a strong correlation between cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated arachidonic acid metabolites and the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular disease...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2009.09.012
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diclofenac, a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been associated with rare but severe cases of clinical hepatotoxicity. Diclofenac causes concentration-dependent cell death in human hepatocytes (after 24-48 h) by mitochondrial permeabilization via poorly defined mechanisms. To explore whether the cyc...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2007.11.030
更新日期:2008-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we investigated the effect of the aqueous extract of Mosla dianthera (Maxim.) (AEMD) on the mast cell-mediated allergy model and studied the possible mechanism of action. Mast cell-mediated allergic disease is involved in many diseases such as asthma, sinusitis and rheumatoid arthritis. The discovery of...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2006.06.007
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism underlying glaucoma remains controversial, but apoptosis caused by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is thought to play a role in its pathogenesis. We investigated the effects of compounds isolated from Psoralea corylifolia on oxidative stress-induced cell death in vitro and in vivo. Tran...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2013.03.017
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Emerging evidence suggests that feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) to rodents affects the expression of genes involved in drug transport. However, gender-specific effects of HFD on drug transport are not known. The multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2, Abcc2) is a transporter highly expressed in the hepatocyte c...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2012.04.001
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants, some of which may be neurotoxic. In vitro studies from this laboratory indicated that noncoplanar PCBs perturbed intracellular signal transduction mechanisms including Ca2+ homeostasis, receptor-mediated inositol phosphate production, and tran...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1998.8533
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are conflicting reports in the literature regarding the role of the Ah locus in 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) immunotoxicity. The present studies have utilized two congenic strains of C57Bl/6 mice that differ only at this locus to assess its influence on TCDD-induced suppression of antibody response...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(90)90356-y
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate conjugate are the major circulating steroids in human plasma. Low levels of these adrenal steroids are associated with a number of human diseases including certain cancers. In animal studies, DHEA is chemopreventive toward both spontaneous and chemically induced cancers. A...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1996.0321
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Calcium channel blockers and macrolide antibiotics account for many drug interactions. Anecdotal reports suggest interactions between the two resulting in severe side effects. We studied the interaction between verapamil and erythromycin in the rat to see whether it occurs at the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamic le...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2005.11.012
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tolerance to several toxic effects of Cd, including lethality, has been shown following pretreatment with Cd. This study was designed to determine if tolerance also develops to Cd-induced hepatotoxicity. Rats were challenged with Cd (2.0, 3.0, 4.0, or 5.0 mg/kg, iv) 24 hr after pretreatment with saline (2 ml/kg, sc) o...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(84)90283-7
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::To further elucidate the mechanism of cadmium inhibition of renal amino acid transport, brush border membrane vesicles were isolated from rabbit renal cortex and the effect of cadmium on the uptake of L-glutamate into the vesicles was investigated. Preincubation of the membranes with CdCl2 decreased sodium-dependent L...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1995.1226
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously shown that ricin, a toxic lectin from the castor bean, increases cardiac output and blood flow to the heart in rabbits in the early stage of its intoxication and causes hemorrhage and necrosis in the heart following a lethal dose. To investigate possible alterations in coronary arteries following ri...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1994.1224
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) can protect the liver from injury produced by a variety of hepatotoxicants when administered prior to or concomitant with the toxicants. This protective action has previously been attributed to DMSO-induced inhibition of bioactivation of the compounds to toxic intermediates. In these studies,...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1996.8009
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The specificity of two major types of cytochrome P-450 of rat liver microsomes induced by phenobarbital (PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) toward activation of three 14C-labeled tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) isomers to protein-bound metabolites was examined by intact microsomal and reconstituted monooxygenase systems. The...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(83)90166-7
更新日期:1983-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::As the main toxic component of aristolochic acid, aristolochic acid I (AAI) is primarily found in Aristolochiaceae plants such as Aristolochia, Aristolochia fangchi and Caulis aristolochiae manshuriensis. AAI has been proven to be carcinogenic, mutagenic and nephrotoxic. Although the role of AAI in testicular toxicity...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2019.04.014
更新日期:2019-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) at a dose of 1 mg/kg of body weight was injected into male Wistar rats twice a day (12-hr intervals) for 7 consecutive days. A group of treated rats was maintained without any treatment for an additional period of 10 days and killed on the following day (on Day 18). Plasma aldosterone concentr...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(84)90346-6
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitotic catastrophe, a form of cell death resulting from abnormal mitosis, is a cytotoxic death pathway as well as an appealing mechanistic strategy for the development of anti-cancer drugs. In this study, 6-bromine-5-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde was demonstrated to induce DNA double-strand break, multipolar spindles...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2011.03.003
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Formic acid is the toxic metabolite in methanol poisoning. Permanent visual damage in methanol-intoxicated humans and non-human primates has been associated with prolonged exposures (> 24 hr) to blood formate concentrations in excess of 7 mM; however, little information is available on the toxicity associated with chr...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.1996.0197
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of the organophosphate, soman (pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate), on neuritic growth and substrate utilization by mammalian autonomic neural tissue was studied using explants of the rat superior cervical ganglion as a model. Soman produced a dose-dependent decrease in neuritic outgrowth from explants ...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0041-008x(84)90206-0
更新日期:1984-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::B200 cells are Ni(II)-transformed mouse BALB/c-3T3 fibroblasts displaying a malignant phenotype and increased resistance to Ni(II) toxicity. In an attempt to find genes whose expression has been altered by the transformation, the Atlas Mouse Stress/Toxicology cDNA Expression Array (Clontech Laboratories, Inc., Palo Al...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2004.10.006
更新日期:2005-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::A negative regulatory element (NRE1; position -794 to -774) was previously identified that mediates the downregulation of CYP1A1, including partial suppression of Ah receptor-dependent induction. The CCAAT-box binding protein, nuclear factor-Y (NF-Y), is a component of one of two protein complexes that specifically an...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.taap.2003.12.023
更新日期:2004-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have shown that fumonisin B1 (FB1) inhibits ceramide synthase, resulting in accumulation of free sphinganine and sphingosine. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) plays an important role in FB1 toxicity and the expression of TNFalpha mRNA in liver and kidney is increased following FB1 exposure in mi...
journal_title:Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/taap.2001.9189
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00