Nutritional support in the critically ill patients. A critical review of the evidence.

abstract：:Infectious complications are common occurrences in end-stage liver disease (ESLD). Frequent infections precipitate decompensation of liver disease leading to acute or chronic liver failure, organ dysfunction, de-listing from transplant, and major morbidity and mortality. The spectrum of microorganisms has shifted with...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Nanchal RS,Ahmad S

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolving understanding of pathophysiologic events during and after pediatric cardiac arrest has not yet resulted in significantly improved outcome. Exciting breakthroughs in basic and applied science laboratories are, however, on the immediate horizon for study in specific subpopulations of cardiac arrest victims....

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Morris MC,Nadkarni VM

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is often necessary to transfuse blood products in shock. Use of these products can be life-saving, but they also carry considerable risk. It is important, therefore, that the physician be aware of the indications as well as possible complications, so that a proper decision can be made weighing the risk versus the b...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Nacht A

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Renal failure continues to cause a major burden of morbidity and mortality in both its acute and chronic forms, regardless of advances in current renal replacement therapies. A bioartificial kidney that includes a conventional dialysis filter and a renal tubule assist device containing approximately 10(8) renal proxim...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Tiranathanagul K,Eiam-Ong S,Humes HD

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The field of neuroendovascular therapy is rapidly growing. New technology and operators' expertise is developing at a pace that will make this discipline progressively more available and successful. For the intensive care of patients who have acute brain ischemia, new techniques of recanalizing occluded arteries are p...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Gomez CR,Wadlington VR,Terry JB,Tulyapronchote R

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infection and/or sepsis biomarkers should help to make the diagnosis and thus initiate therapy earlier, help to differentiate between infectious and sterile inflammation, allow the use of more-specific antimicrobials, shorten the time of antimicrobial use, and ideally identify distinct phenotypes that may benefit from...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Reinhart K,Meisner M

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sepsis is caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Immune responses determine the characteristics of sepsis. The body's protection against infection involves danger signal surveillance and recognition from nonself, effector functions in response to sensing danger signals, homeostatic regulation, and genera...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Conway-Morris A,Wilson J,Shankar-Hari M

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The years that have passed since the introduction of the pulmonary artery catheter have been marked by radical changes in the practice of general and critical care medicine. There has been an increase in the application of physiologic principles to the management of shock states, myocardial infarction, and respiratory...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Ginosar Y,Sprung CL

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The management of critically ill patients necessitates the use of sedatives and analgesics to provide patient comfort and cooperation. These drugs exert profound effects on all organ systems, not only the central nervous system, and this article describes the immunologic effects of the commonly used critical care seda...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Sanders RD,Hussell T,Maze M

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The known metabolic abnormalities and nutritional requirements of the brain injury, spinal cord injury, and acute stroke patient have been presented. Further investigations are required in all these conditions to identify specific nutritional requirements and metabolic abnormalities. The specific role of nutritional s...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Young B,Ott L,Rapp R,Norton J

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In summary, advances in critical care and mechanical ventilation have resulted in an increased salvage of critically ill patients, a number of whom require long-term ventilation as a means of life support. In addition, the total number of patients receiving long-term ventilation has increased dramatically over the pas...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Criner GJ,Tzouanakis A,Kreimer DT

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dementia is a terminal illness that leads to progressive cognitive and functional decline. As the elderly population grows, the incidence of dementia in hospitalized older adults increases and is associated with poor short-term and long-term outcomes. Delirium is associated with an accelerated cognitive decline in hos...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Ghneim M,Diaz JJ Jr

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Approximately 20% of all mechanically ventilated patients fail their first attempt to wean. Prolonged mechanical ventilation increases morbidity, mortality, and costs. No single weaning parameter predicts patient ability to wean. Weaning studies suggest that daily trials of spontaneous breathing for appropriate patien...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Eskandar N,Apostolakos MJ

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In July 2001, the United States Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health care Organizations adopted a new leadership standard that requires department heads in health care organizations to perform at least one Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) every year. This proactive approach to error prevention has prove...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Duwe B,Fuchs BD,Hansen-Flaschen J

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arterial catheterization is used frequently in the management of critically ill patients, both for continuous blood pressure monitoring and access to the arterial circulation to obtain frequent blood gas measurements. The procedure is usually easily accomplished at the bedside using percutaneous methods such as the Se...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Clark VL,Kruse JA

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article describes the use of various scores and probabilities to clinically categorize patients in the adult intensive care unit. Some of the limitations of these severity measures are reviewed including variable definitions, timing of measurements, and whether models can be used for individual patients. Also, th...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Teres D,Lemeshow S

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Critical illness predisposes individuals to highly variable metabolic and immune responses, leading to muscle mass loss, impaired healing, immobility, and susceptibility to infections and cognitive impairment. Recommendations for nutrition in critically ill patients are supported by observational studies, small random...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Patel JJ,Codner P

更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The overlap syndrome defines the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and is a commonly noted but poorly studied disorder. Individuals who have the overlap syndrome have been recognized to have greater risk for pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure,...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Hiestand D,Phillips B

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infections caused by Candida species are now endemic and entrenched in the intensive care unit setting. Candida infections continue to provide a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to clinicians. The increased prevalence of Candida infections represent the high price clinicians and patients must pay for the adv...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Sobel JD

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Access to critical care is rapidly growing in areas of the world where it was previously nonexistent and where infectious diseases often comprise the largest disease burden. Additionally, with crowding, mass migrations, and air travel, infectious diseases previously geographically confined are quickly spread across th...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Murthy S,Keystone J,Kissoon N

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sedative drugs commonly are titrated to effect in critically ill patients. Subjective clinical assessment tools are used to determine the patient's level of sedation, and there clearly is a need for improved quantitative methods of monitoring sedation. This article describes the current methods for assessing the level...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Avramov MN,White PF

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CAAKI) is a common iatrogenic condition. The principal risk factors for CAAKI are underlying renal impairment; diabetes in the setting of kidney disease; and intravascular volume depletion, effective or absolute. CAAKI is associated with serious adverse short-term and long-term...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Weisbord SD,Palevsky PM

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bioterrorism is not only a reality of the times in which we live but bioweapons have been used for centuries. Critical care physicians play a major role in the recognition of and response to a bioterrorism attack. Critical care clinicians must be familiar with the diagnosis and management of the most likely bioterrori...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Christian MD

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Advances in the area of pediatric medicine during the past few years have presented ethical dilemmas for the physician to consider. This article discusses the ethical principles upon which clinical reasoning and judgments can be made. ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Todres ID

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vasodilators that affect the pulmonary vasculature are appealing adjuncts in many cardiopulmonary conditions that require mechanical ventilation such as ARDS, COPD, PPHN, and cardiothoracic surgery. The adverse systemic effects of parenteral PGE1 and parenteral prostacyclin limit their usefulness in critically ill pat...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Zimmerman JL,Hanania NA

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Total parenteral nutrition was developed in the 1960s and has since been implemented commonly in the intensive care unit (ICU). Studies published in the 1980s and early 1990s indicate that the use of total parenteral nutrition is associated with increased mortality and infectious morbidity. These detrimental effects w...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Thibault R,Pichard C

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Approximately 12,000 Americans suffer traumatic spinal cord injuries each year. This article discusses the management of their neurologic, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastroenterologic, and genitourinary complications in the critical care setting. ...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： McVicar JP,Luce JM

更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A substantial proportion of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) are elderly patients. Based upon population growth, patient preference, and current physician practice, the number of elderly patients who receive critical care services is likely to increase substantially over the next 10 to 20 years. Numero...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Carson SS

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Optimal airway management requires an experienced caregiver, attention to detail, and knowledge of the patient's physiology. A variety of pharmacologic agents have proved useful in obtaining a secure airway and minimizing risk to the patient. Depending on the skills of the caregiver, oral intubation has become the pre...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Rodricks MB,Deutschman CS

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ethically charged situations are common in pediatric critical care. Most situations can be managed with minimal controversy within the medical team or between the team and patients/families. Familiarity with institutional resources, such as hospital ethics committees, and national guidelines, such as publications from...

journal_title：Critical care clinics

authors： Orioles A,Morrison WE

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00