Abstract：
:Achalasia is a rare motility disorder of the esophagus characterized by the absence of peristalsis and defective relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. Patients present at all ages with dysphagia and regurgitation as main symptoms. The diagnosis is suggested by barium swallow and endoscopy and confirmed by manometry. Because there is no curative treatment for achalasia, treatment is confined to disruption of the lower esophageal sphincter to improve bolus passage. The most successful therapies are pneumodilation and laparoscopic Heller myotomy, with comparable short-term clinical rates of success. The prognosis of achalasia patients is good, but re-treatment is often necessary.
journal_name
Gastroenterol Clin North Amjournal_title
Gastroenterology clinics of North Americaauthors
Moonen AJ,Boeckxstaens GEdoi
10.1016/j.gtc.2012.11.009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-03-01 00:00:00pages
45-55issue
1eissn
0889-8553issn
1558-1942pii
S0889-8553(12)00131-8journal_volume
42pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is the most common emergency condition in gastroenterology. Although peptic ulcer and esophagogastric varices are the predominant causes, other conditions account for up to 50% of UGIBs. These conditions, among others, include angiodysplasia, Dieulafoy and Mallory-Weiss lesions, ...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2014.08.004
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The five different viruses that cause human viral hepatitis, A, B, C, D, and E share the unique property of hepatotropism. Identification of the nucleic acid sequences of each of these viruses, coupled with the application of recombinant DNA technology, has resulted in the rapid development of molecular diagnostic tec...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is shortsighted to consider only the esophageal manifestations and complications of esophageal reflux. That such reflux can directly affect not only the lung but also the oropharynx and larynx, both by direct acid contact and reflex neurologic mechanisms, has been demonstrated repeatedly. The task of the future wil...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Corticosteroids are a nonspecific immune modulator used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Topical and systemic forms of corticosteroids have been shown to be effective in induction of clinical remission and remain first-line therapy for acute severe ulcerative colitis. A large proportion of patients experience a...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2020.08.001
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The goal of antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis B is to prevent the complications of cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, HCC, and death. Because these clinical outcomes may take a long period of time to develop, it is important to use intermediate or surrogate end points to evaluate the efficacy and response to an...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2011.06.004
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nutritional strategies have been explored as primary or adjunct therapies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Exclusive enteral nutrition is effective for the induction of remission in Crohn disease and is recommended as a first-line therapy for children. Dietary strategies focus on adjusting the ratio of consumed n...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2017.09.007
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic HIV-associated diarrhea is currently a field in flux. Improved noninvasive diagnostic tests, improved pathogen-specific regimens, and better empiric therapies may change some of the assumptions used to select algorithms for diagnostic evaluation and management. Any shift in the cause of diarrhea from pathogen-...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8553(05)70203-x
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Celiac disease is a common immune-mediated disorder that occurs in individuals with permissive genetics (HLA-DQ2/DQ8 genotype) following exposure to certain wheat proteins. The histopathologic manifestations of small intestinal mucosal injury (villus atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, and intraepithelial lymphocytosis) are w...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2018.09.003
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:BA is a rare disease of unclear etiology; nevertheless, its impact in the field of pediatric hepatology is significant. It is the most common surgically correctable cause of neonatal cholestasis and is the most common pediatric disease referred for liver transplantation. Little progress has been made with regard to im...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8553(03)00049-9
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become routine despite a lack of evidence of efficacy. Suitable candidates for surveillance include patients with cirrhosis and some subsets of noncirrhotic chronic hepatitis B carriers. The best surveillance testis ultrasonography at 6- to 12-month intervals. Serolo...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2004.04.012
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment needs confirmation in patients with persistent symptoms and in those with complicated peptic ulcer. Endoscopic surveillance after eradication is needed in patients with advanced premalignant gastric lesions, previous early gastric cancer, gastric MALT lymphoma, a...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2015.05.006
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The application of EUS has improved the way we evaluate and manage patients with rectal cancer. EUS has substantially greater sensitivity than CT in detecting advanced T stage tumors. Such improved sensitivity results in changes in preoperative therapy that would not otherwise have occurred without EUS. Although the a...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8553(02)00050-x
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several hepatobiliary diseases appear to be mediated by the host immune response. They can be subdivided into those in which the immune reaction is against an infectious agent such as hepatitis viruses, those in which the immune reaction appears to be against an autoantigen expressed on hepatobiliary cells, and those ...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Radiation therapy (RT) has been used to treat cancers for more than a century. Recent randomized trials have helped clarify the treatment recommendations in the use of RT for colorectal cancers. This article reviews these trials to illustrate key concepts, places these trials in perspective, and provides direction for...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2007.12.010
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this article, the epidemiology of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is reviewed. Demographic features and natural history are described, the prevalence and incidence of EoE are highlighted, and risk factors for EoE are discussed. EoE can occur at any age, there is a male predominance, it is more common in whites, and ...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2014.02.002
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease both may occur in the elderly. In many populations, a second peak in the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease occurs near age 70. Clinical manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease in the elderly are generally similar to those seen in younger patients, although there is a t...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diarrhea is a common clinical feature of inflammatory bowel diseases and may be accompanied by abdominal pain, urgency, and fecal incontinence. The pathophysiology of diarrhea in these diseases is complex, but defective absorption of salt and water by the inflamed bowel is the most important mechanism involved. In add...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2012.06.006
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gastrointestinal endoscopy had major technological improvements and novel technologies in recent years. High-definition endoscopy has permitted an increasingly detailed view of the mucosa during colonoscopy. Filter techniques that enhance analysis of vessel and surface structures. Autofluorescence imaging relies on fu...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2013.05.004
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Individuals with a genetic predisposition to Crohn's disease develop aberrant immune responses to environmental triggers. The gastrointestinal microbiota is increasingly recognized to play an important role in the development of Crohn's disease. Decrease in global gut microbial diversity and specific bacterial alterat...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2017.05.004
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Striking geographical differences occur in the clinical presentation of hepatocellular carcinoma in high and low incidence areas. This tumor is also associated with a number of paraneoplastic phenomena that may antedate the clinical appearance. ...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diagnostic angiography still plays an essential role in the diagnosis of patients,particularly those with acute lower GI bleeding. Transcatheter therapy appears to be a viable treatment alternative in selected patients with GI bleeding. Many interventionists today believe embolotherapy to be more effective initially a...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2005.09.001
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Constipation is a common clinical problem that comprises a constellation of symptoms that include excessive straining, hard stools, feeling of incomplete evacuation, use of digital maneuvers, or infrequent defecation. Although many conditions, such as metabolic problems, fiber deficiency, anorectal problems, and drugs...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8553(03)00026-8
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Women have started to enter gastroenterology (GI) in significant numbers over the past 5 years, although they are still underrepresented compared with the proportion of female graduating medical students. This underrepresentation is most likely caused by the culture of GI where female students and residents have felt ...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2011.03.004
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biotherapeutic agents offer unique advantages over traditional treatments for infectious diarrhea, and several have been shown to be effective (Table 4). These therapeutic microbial agents are most effective in types of infectious diseases that are associated with a disruption of the normal intestinal microecology (e....
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8553(05)70213-2
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews the role of therapeutic endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of nonvariceal upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage. The initial approach to patients with GI bleeding is reviewed. Endoscopic treatment of various stigmata of recent peptic ulcer hemorrhage is discussed in detail. Manage...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8553(05)70123-0
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A wide spectrum of gastrointestinal illnesses impairs bone health and can result in bone pain, demineralization, and fracture. This article summarizes current knowledge of the skeletal pathology exhibited in patients with diseases of the liver, biliary tree, pancreas, and bowel. Mechanisms responsible for these syndro...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0889-8553(05)70016-9
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Arguments proposed in this article may explain why a subgroup of patients, having so-called "functional heartburn," does not respond to acid inhibition therapy [19,20]. It is highly likely that acid is not the cause of heartburn in this group of subjects. These conclusions are supported further by observations of Wien...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0889-8553(02)00039-0
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of stigmata of hemorrhage in a peptic ulcer indicate an increased risk of rebleeding and the need for endoscopic intervention. Clinical trials indicate that laser photocoagulation, multipolar and heater probe coagulation, and injection therapy are all effective in decreasing bleeding from peptic ulcer dis...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:If one reviews the literature with zeal, it is increasingly apparent that few organs escape recruitment when IBD is chronic or progressive. Insights into mucosal pathophysiology have helped with understanding the more frequent extraintestinal manifestations, but the mechanisms attendant to the development of less comm...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effort to improve outcomes in esophageal cancer has included attempts at improving staging and patient selection. 2-Deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-Dglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) has been extensively studied in this context and has been widely accepted as a staging tool. Its role in restaging or assessing t...
journal_title：Gastroenterology clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.gtc.2009.01.007
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
