Abstract：
:The subcellular location of aluminium is unknown, probably because of difficulties in investigating aluminium biochemistry and the use of varied experimental approaches of uncertain sensitivity. We have studied levels of uptake and the localization of gallium and of aluminium in cultured human neuroblastoma cells treated with soluble metal complexes (mainly Al- or Ga-EDTA), radiolabeled with 26Al or 67Ga, respectively. Crude nuclei and cytoplasm were obtained by two separate methods, and DNA, RNA, and proteins were prepared from the nuclei by centrifugation in high salt; also, cytosol and noncytosol were separated using a nondissociating method. Levels of uptake were of similar order for the two metals-on average about 50 pmol/10(6) cells for aluminium and 120 pmol/10(6) cells for gallium, after 4 to 8 days treatment at 250 microM, and approximately 50 to 70% of the metal was found in the cytosol. About 20% of the aluminium and 10 to 25% of the gallium was associated with nuclear protein. A lower proportion was bound to DNA and to nuclear RNA. In cells treated with gallium-citrate/transferrin mixtures, 30 to 35% of the gallium in the cytosol was bound to protein, at least 35 being loosely bound; the main gallium-associated protein was probably intracellular transferrin. The remaining 65 to 70% of the metal in the cytosol was in low-molecular-weight form, and we suggest that the latter metal could affect structures such as the cytoskeleton and also metabolic processes in the cytoplasm. The similarity in distribution of the two metals supports the use of gallium as a "surrogate" for aluminium, at least in cell culture studies.
journal_name
Toxicol Appl Pharmacoljournal_title
Toxicology and applied pharmacologyauthors
Dobson CB,Day JP,King SJ,Itzhaki RFdoi
10.1006/taap.1998.8489subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-09-01 00:00:00pages
145-52issue
1eissn
0041-008Xissn
1096-0333pii
S0041-008X(98)98489-7journal_volume
152pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The issue of Elongated Mineral Particles (EMP) in building materials has been revealed during roadworks in 2013 in France. In fact, road coating aggregates are made of specific rock gravels that can contain Naturally Occurring Asbestos (NOA), which is mainly actinolite. The legislation refers to six regulatory asbesto...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2018.04.027
更新日期：2018-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Nanotechnology has the potential to make a beneficial impact on several agricultural, forestry, and environmental challenges, such as urbanization, energy constraints, and sustainable use of resources. However, new environmental and human health hazards may emerge from nano-enhanced applications. This raises concerns ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.025
更新日期：2017-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a clear evidence that environmental pollutants, such as benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), can have detrimental effects on the immune system, whereas the underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. Jurkat T cells share many properties with native T lymphocytes and therefore are an appropriate model to analyze the effect...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2013.03.032
更新日期：2013-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are important in the management of hypertension and limit restenosis. Although CCB efficacy could derive from decreased blood pressure, other mechanisms independent of CCB activity also can contribute to antiproliferative action. To understand mechanisms of CCB-mediated antiproliferatio...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2012.04.036
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An experimental system was chosen to investigate the bioactivity of a lipoprotein-sequestered toxicant at the cellular level based on recent studies demonstrating receptor-mediated uptake of lipoproteins by macrophages. Rat peritoneal exudate cell suspensions (PEC) were exposed to DDT and lipoprotein-sequestered DDT, ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(86)90282-6
更新日期：1986-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Beryllium (Be+2), a divalent metal ion, is toxic to both man and animal. Although the molecular basis for its toxicity is unknown, it is well established that micromolar concentrations of beryllium specifically inhibit certain enzymes. Previous in vitro studies have shown that the presence of ferritin, an iron-storage...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(86)90211-5
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is teratogenic in mice, inducing cleft palate and hydronephrosis at doses which are not overtly maternally toxic or embryotoxic. After TCDD exposure the palatal shelves of normal size come into contact, but fail to fuse due to altered differentiation of the medial epithelial ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(90)90337-t
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inhibition of intercellular communication, as measured by metabolic cooperation between 6-thioguanine-sensitive and 6-thioguanine-resistant Chinese hamster V79 cells, has been previously shown to be correlated with a large variety of known tumor promoters, including some of the organochlorine pesticides. Since further...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(86)90318-2
更新日期：1986-03-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 is an oxidative stress-response enzyme which catalyzes the degradation of heme into bilirubin, ferric ion, and carbon monoxide (CO). Induction of HO-1 was reported to have antitumor activity; the inhibitory mechanism, however, is still unclear. In the present study, we found that treatment with [...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2013.10.027
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Herb-drug interaction strongly limits the clinical application of herbs and drugs, and the inhibition of herbal components towards important drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) has been regarded as one of the most important reasons. The present study aims to investigate the inhibition potential of andrographolide derivat...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2014.02.021
更新日期：2014-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Guinea pigs were exposed by nose only for 3 hr/day for 6 days to freshly formed zinc oxide (ZnO) particles (projected area diameter = 0.05 micron, sigma g = 2.0) at 5 mg/m3, the currently recommended threshold limit value (TLV). Ventilation, lung mechanics, lung volumes, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLC...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(85)90301-1
更新日期：1985-03-30 00:00:00
abstract：:(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is the main bioactive component in tea (Camellia sinensis) catechins, and exhibits potential antitumor activity against colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unclear. We investigated the effects of EGCG on activities of CRC cells and the exact mol...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2020.115100
更新日期：2020-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Benzene is a potent bone marrow toxicant. While all blood cell types are targets for benzene poisoning, lymphocytes are particularly sensitive. The immunotoxic consequences of benzene or its metabolites have been demonstrated in a number of in vitro studies; however, little data exist regarding the effects of benzene ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(85)90395-3
更新日期：1985-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The anticancer drug ellipticine exerts its genotoxic effects after metabolic activation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. The present study has examined the role of cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) and cytochrome b5 (Cyb5), electron donors to P450 enzymes, in the CYP-mediated metabolism and disposition of elliptic...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2019.01.020
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lung toxicity induced by sulfur mustard is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. To elucidate mechanisms mediating pulmonary damage, we used 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), a model sulfur mustard vesicant. Male mice (B6129) were treated intratracheally with CEES (3 or 6 mg/kg) or control. Animals were...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2010.10.027
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The specificity of two major types of cytochrome P-450 of rat liver microsomes induced by phenobarbital (PB) and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) toward activation of three 14C-labeled tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) isomers to protein-bound metabolites was examined by intact microsomal and reconstituted monooxygenase systems. The...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(83)90166-7
更新日期：1983-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The biochemical mechanism involved in cadmium-induced cellular injury remains to be elucidated. Various theories have been proposed to account for this action, one of which is an interaction with reduced sulfhydryl (SH) groups of membranes. The ability of a known SH group reducing agent, dithiothreitol (DTT), to inter...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(86)90197-3
更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the mechanisms responsible for chemically induced oxidative stress are under intense investigation, little is known about the effects of prooxidant chemicals on the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes. We examined the effects of diquat (0.1 mmol/kg, ip) and ciprofibrate (0.025% w/w, diet), chemicals which...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1995.1171
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, a redox cycling and arylating quinone; 5-100 microM) inhibited the canalicular vacuolar accumulation (CVA) of a fluorescent bile acid, cholyl-lysyl-fluorescein (CLF), in rat hepatocyte couplets. This was associated with depletion of reduced glutathione and accumulation of oxidiz...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1996.0117
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protection against the toxic effects of chronic alcohol consumption was observed in male guinea pigs maintained on a high-ascorbic-acid diet (vitamin C-deficient chow plus 2.0 mg ascorbic acid/ml drinking water) as compared to animals on a low-ascorbic-acid diet (vitamin C-deficient chow and from 0.025 to 0.050 mg asc...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(86)90141-9
更新日期：1986-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:A single, intravenous administration of a low dose of monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP), a derivative of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline (MCT), induces progressive pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) in rats. The temporal relationship between morphologic alterations, biochemical markers ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(90)90239-q
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mice lacking the modifier subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (Gclm), the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione (GSH) synthesis, have decreased tissue GSH. We previously showed that Gclm-/- embryos have increased sensitivity to the prenatal in vivo ovarian toxicity of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2018.05.024
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present studies were designed to evaluate the role that metabolic activation plays in allylamine (AAM)-induced vascular toxicity. The effects of AAM were evaluated in primary cultures of rat vascular endothelial (VEC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC). Semicarbazide (SC) and diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) were used as i...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0041-008x(88)80008-5
更新日期：1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inhalation of dust from hard metal (HM), a mixture of tungsten carbide, cobalt, and other metals, can cause interstitial alveolitis, fibrosis, and asthma in the workplace. Some effects of HM could occur after the metals dissolve in the lung. We examined whether chloride salts of metals in HM alloys can elicit response...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.2001.9205
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vinyl carbamate epoxide (VCO) is believed to be the metabolite of ethyl carbamate (EC) ultimately responsible for its carcinogenic effects. This study investigates the role of glutathione (GSH) in protection against VCO-mediated adduct formation, and the involvement of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in detoxificati...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/taap.1995.1213
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxidative glutamate toxicity in HT22 murine hippocampal cells is a model for neuronal death by oxidative stress. We have investigated the role of proteases in HT22 cell oxidative glutamate toxicity. L-glutamate-induced toxicity was characterized by cell and nuclear shrinkage and chromatin condensation, yet occurred in...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2008.07.008
更新日期：2008-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The results of a series of screening tests to determine the potential teratogenicity and neurotoxicity of developmental exposure to TBTO in rats are presented in this paper. For prenatal exposure, pregnant Long Evans rats were intubated with 0-16 mg/kg/day bis(tri-n-butyltin)oxide TBTO from Days 6 to 20 of gestation (...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0041-008x(89)90060-4
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The murine popliteal lymph node assay (PLNA) was examined as a preclinical assay with the potential to identify low-molecular-weight compounds (LMWCs) that are likely to be associated with immune-mediated drug hypersensitivity reactions (IDHRs) in humans. We hypothesized that the contact sensitizer oxazolone (OX) woul...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0041-008x(03)00091-7
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent anti-neoplastic antibiotic used to treat a variety of malignancies; however, its use is limited by dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Moreover, there is a strong correlation between cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated arachidonic acid metabolites and the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular disease...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2009.09.012
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Uropathogenic Escherichia coli is a common cause of urinary tract infection. We determined the effects of intravesical instillation of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) on muscle contractions, protein kinase C (PKC) translocation, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in rat urinary bladder. ...
journal_title：Toxicology and applied pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.taap.2005.02.005
更新日期：2005-10-15 00:00:00
