Abstract：
:The uterus is unique among smooth muscular organs in that, during pregnancy, it undergoes profound, largely reversible, changes orchestrated by the ovarian hormones. These changes facilitate uterine adaptation to the stretch induced by the growing fetus such that a state of myometrial contractile quiescence can be maintained. This quiescent state usually is maintained until fetal development is sufficient for extrauterine life, at which point unknown mechanisms precipitate conversion to a highly contractile state. Throughout pregnancy, signaling mechanisms for myometrial contractility are altered--first to promote quiescence and then again to promote contractions. The mechanisms responsible for these changes are only partially understood. This review attempts to summarize salient features of many of the changes in uterine contractile signaling and the current state of ongoing investigations of their mechanisms. We have also highlighted some newer information and concepts from nonuterine tissues, which we believe may provide insight into the control of uterine smooth muscle function. Some detail has been omitted, and can be found in the many excellent reviews cited. We hope that this discussion may stimulate the interests of other investigators. The diverse areas of inquiry offer hope that this decade will lead to a fuller understanding of myometrial function and the development of vastly improved approaches for the control of preterm labor.
journal_name
Pediatr Resjournal_title
Pediatric researchauthors
Riemer RK,Heymann MAdoi
10.1203/00006450-199811000-00001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-11-01 00:00:00pages
615-27issue
5eissn
0031-3998issn
1530-0447journal_volume
44pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:Earlier identification of children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) remains a challenge. The objective of this study was to identify neurobehavioral (NB) outcomes associated with PAE in infants. METHODS:This manuscript evaluates NB outcomes at 6.33±1.12 months of age in 93 infants (39 PAE and 54 No-PAE)...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/pr.2018.26
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Premature infants are at risk for bilirubin-associated brain damage. In cell cultures bilirubin causes neuronal apoptosis and necrosis. Ibuprofen is used to close the ductus arteriosus, and is often given when hyperbilirubinemia is at its maximum. Ibuprofen is known to interfere with bilirubin-albumin binding. We hypo...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181991511
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In vitro experiments were performed to examine the contractile responsiveness of guinea pig gallbladder smooth muscle as a function of developmental age. Gallbladder muscle strips from preterm (day 50-55 gestation), newborn (days 1-3 post partum), and 1-month-old animals were stimulated with agonists that initiate the...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1203/00006450-198603000-00003
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to study the neonatal microcirculation, the capillary hemodynamics in skin was investigated in 43 full-term infants 2-7 days after birth. The nailfold capillaries of the thumb were visualized by means of television microscopy and the capillary blood cell velocity (CBV) was videophotometrically quantified in 1...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1203/00006450-198806000-00011
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The proposed actions of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) are mediated through specific plasma membrane (R1) receptors coupled to guanylate cyclase. A second receptor, R2, has been characterized by its ability to bind to an acyclic, truncated ANF analog (C-ANF4-23). The ANF-R2 receptor has not been identified in the fet...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II play an important role in prenatal growth. During the first 2 months from birth, body fat doubles, and rapid weight gain during this time increases future risk of cardiometabolic disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether IGF measurements at birth assoc...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41390-019-0331-x
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes acute inflammation and injurious mechanical ventilation results in pulmonary and systemic inflammation. We aimed to determine in preterm lungs if continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) protects against pulmonary and systemic inflammation, compared with conventional mec...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1203/PDR.0b013e318189487e
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The growth hormone-releasing hexapeptide (GHRP-6) specifically stimulates growth hormone (GH) secretion in several animal species and humans. The mechanism of action of GHRP-6 is largely unknown, although experimental evidence indicates that it may modulate growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin acti...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1203/00006450-199408000-00006
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the evolution of brain edema was investigated in an experimental model of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Seven-d postnatal rats were subjected to unilateral common carotid artery ligation followed by 3 h of hypoxia with 8% oxygen at 37 degrees C. This in...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1203/00006450-199005000-00007
更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:125I-Tyr insulin (125I-Tyr Ins) was injected into the vitelline vein of rat fetuses in utero after 17, 19, or 21 days of gestation. Three min later, the weight and radioactivity of various organs and of the remaining carcass were measured. A radioactivity concentration index (RCI) was calculated by dividing the specif...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1203/00006450-198109000-00014
更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Children born preterm, especially boys, are at increased risk of developing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning difficulties. We propose that neurosteroid-replacement therapy with ganaxolone (GNX) following preterm birth may mitigate preterm-associated neurodevelopmental impairment. ...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41390-018-0185-7
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have evaluated the effect of galanin (Gal), a newly identified hypothalamic peptide, on growth hormone (GH) secretion in 10 children with normal stature (NS), nine with constitutional growth delay (CGD), and five with isolated GH deficiency (IGHD). Gal was infused intravenously at a rate of 8 or 15 micrograms/kg/h....
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1203/00006450-198910000-00006
更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Establishment of Helicobacter pylori infection as an etiologic agent of peptic ulcer disease and other gastric pathologies marked a revolution in gastroenterology which spurred an enormous interest in gastric physiology and immunology research. The association was soon also demonstrated in children as well. Applicatio...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/pr.2016.199
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of neuromuscular diseases are associated with molecular defects in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). These include: 1) a missense mutation at nucleotide 11778 in the mtDNA of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy patients; 2) a heterogeneous array of deletions in the mtDNA of ocular myopathy patients; and 3) small...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1203/00006450-199011000-00023
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The visual evoked potential (VEP) of five healthy, near-term exteriorized fetal lambs was compared with the VEP obtained from the same animals during the first hour after ventilation. Characteristics of the individual wave components and their relationship to blood pressure, heart rate, and arterial blood gas measurem...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1203/00006450-198111000-00009
更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revealed white matter changes in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU), an inborn error of metabolism with increased plasma phenylalanine level. Because the significance of these lesions is unknown, this study was undertaken to determine whether glucose metabolism was depres...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1203/00006450-199607000-00004
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prenatal maternal stress has been shown to impair functioning in nonhuman primate offspring. Little is known about the effects of prenatal stress on intellectual and language development in humans because it is difficult to identify sufficiently large samples of pregnant women who have been exposed to an independent s...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1203/01.PDR.0000136281.34035.44
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Though prenatal antidepressant exposure has been associated with adverse developmental outcomes, the extent to which the effects are due to prenatal drug exposure or underlying maternal mood disturbances is unclear. METHODS:This was a population-based retrospective cohort study using administrative data fro...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41390-020-01269-6
更新日期：2020-12-09 00:00:00
abstract：:Growth hormone (GH) regulates growth and development in the postnatal period but lacks somatotropic activity in the fetus. In contrast, the placental hormone placental lactogen (PL) stimulates amino acid transport, DNA synthesis, and somatomedin production in isolated fetal tissues, suggesting that PL may function as ...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1203/00006450-199208000-00015
更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study was performed to investigate simultaneously total lung water, T(1) and T(2) relaxation times, and hyaluronan (HA) in preterm and term rabbits. Attempts were also made to establish the relationship of HA to total lung water and to T(2)-derived motionally distinct water fractions. Experiments were perf...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1203/00006450-200010000-00022
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Severe tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) deficiency is a naturally occurring model of cerebral catecholamine and serotonin shortage. Examination of the stimulated release and physiologic secretion pattern of several hormones in affected individuals permits certain conclusions concerning the involvement of these neurotransmitt...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1203/00006450-199804000-00006
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inhibition of IGF-I action by circulating IGF-I receptor autoantibodies is a potential mechanism of IGF-I resistance in growing children. To define the prevalence of IGF-I receptor antibodies in short-statured children, we have examined serum and plasma samples from a well-characterized group of 34 short, prepubertal,...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1203/00006450-199210000-00016
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Fetal hypoxia-ischemia (H-I) results in significant morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the timing of death in human stillbirths. The vulnerability of the fetus varies with age at the time of insult, but it is unknown what happens to the timing of fetal death in relation to a fetal insult. We aske...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/pr.2012.65
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To define respiratory effects of peripheral acidemia during early development, we injected lactic acid (LA) into the jugular vein of 32 1- to 7-d-old rabbit pups and four adult rabbits. The body weight of newborns varied between 67 +/- 17 g in 1-d-old and 119.8 +/- 33.7 g in 7-d-old animals versus 4 +/- 0.1 kg in adul...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1203/00006450-199106010-00006
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intrauterine perfusion failure can cause cerebral malformations. We investigated the effect of transient maternal hypotension on newborn rat brain by inducing hypovolemic hypotension for 2.5 h during early embryonic day 7 (E7) or late (E15) gestation in pregnant rats. We found an increase in the number of TUNEL-positi...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1203/00006450-200101000-00012
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although obstructive nephropathy is a frequent cause of renal insufficiency in infancy, factors influencing adaptation to chronic partial ureteral obstruction (CPUO) are poorly understood. Guinea pigs were subjected to unilateral CPUO within the first 2 days of life (Group I) and microsphere studies were performed at ...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1203/00006450-198412000-00008
更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pesticides are chemicals that are designed specifically for the purpose of killing or suppressing another living organism. Human toxicity is possible with any pesticide, and a growing body of literature has investigated possible associations with neurodevelopmental disorders. Attention deficit disorder with or without...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/s41390-018-0200-z
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:BackgroundHyperoxic lung injury is characterized by cellular damage from high oxygen concentrations that lead to an inflammatory response and it disrupts normal alveolarization in the developing newborn lung. Adenosine is a signaling molecule that is generated extracellularly by ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) in response...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/pr.2017.176
更新日期：2017-08-23 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper has been retracted at the request of the authors. ...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章,撤回出版物
doi：10.1038/s41390-019-0529-y
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have demonstrated that myocardial function changes during mammalian perinatal development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the subcellular basis underlying the slower relaxation in the developing heart by examining perinatal changes in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) function, and in SR Ca2+ pum...
journal_title：Pediatric research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1203/00006450-199205000-00012
更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00
