Abstract:
:R3230Ac mammary tumors were grown in transparent window chambers implanted into the dorsal skin flap of 250 g Fischer 344 rats (see Dewhirst et al, 1992). The oxygen pressure distributions in the tumor and host tissue were measured by the oxygen dependent quenching of phosphorescence (see Vinogradov et al, 1996) after injection of Oxyphor R2 (7 mg, 0.3 ml) into the tail vein. The oxygen pressure maps show the R3230Ac tumors to be hypoxic relative to the surrounding tissue. The excitation spectrum for the phosphor has peaks at 419 nm (blue light) and at 524 nm (green light), and the emitted phosphorescence spectrum and lifetime are independent of the wavelength at which the phosphor is excited. The absorption by tissue is much greater for blue light than green light, due to intrinsic chromophores such as cytochromes, hemoglobin, myoglobin etc. Thus, blue excitation measures the oxygen pressures in a much thinner, superficial, surface layer (< 50 microns) than does green excitation, allowing "optical sectioning" of tissue oxygenation. The tissue can be further optically sectioned by making measurements from both sides of the window. Viewed from the tumor side, the superficial layers (blue excitation) of these tumors were hypoxic whereas the host tissue was well oxygenated. The oxygen pressures in the growing edge of the tumors are lower than those in the central core of the tumor, and much lower than those of the host tissue. This result is in agreement with the micro-oxygen electrode measurements of perivascular oxygen pressures reported by Dewhirst and coworkers (1992).
journal_name
Adv Exp Med Bioljournal_title
Advances in experimental medicine and biologyauthors
Wilson DF,Evans SM,Jenkins WT,Vinogradov SA,Ong E,Dewhirst MWdoi
10.1007/978-1-4615-4863-8_71subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-01-01 00:00:00pages
603-9eissn
0065-2598issn
2214-8019journal_volume
454pub_type
杂志文章abstract::This chapter explores the concepts, processes, tools and challenges relating to the validation of alternative methods for toxicity and safety testing. In general terms, validation is the process of assessing the appropriateness and usefulness of a tool for its intended purpose. Validation is routinely used in various ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-33826-2_4
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxygenation of a tumor is one of the most important predictive factors: hypoxia is associated with aggressive tumors and substantially lower survival rate. Despite this high relevance of tumor oxygenation, there is currently no bedside technique available to measure it in clinical routine care. The aim of this work is...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-91287-5_26
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intraperitoneal treatment with the enzyme inhibitor, pepstatin, of BSVS mice, guinea pigs and Lewis rats which were sensitized with guinea pig spinal cord and pertussis vaccine resulted in complete or partial suppression of paralysis dependent on the species studied and alterations of histological signs of experimenta...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-8914-9_30
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::cDNA clones mapping within the first 2601 bases of the 3' end of the TGEV genome were sequenced completely or in part by the method of Maxam and Gilbert and open reading frames were examined. One reading frame yielding a protein having properties of the matrix (M) protein was identified. It is positioned at the immedi...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-1280-2_13
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This chapter deals with the classification of Drug Delivery nano Systems (DDnSs) with a Modulatory Controlled Release profile (MCR) denoted as Modulatory Controlled Release nano Systems (MCRnSs). Conventional (c) and advanced (a) DDnSs are denoted by the acronyms cDDnSs and aDDnSs, and can be composed of a single or m...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08927-0_22
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prostate cancer causes significant morbidity in men and metastatic disease is a major cause of cancer related deaths. Prostate metastasis is controlled by various cellular intrinsic and extrinsic factors, which are often under the regulatory control of various metastasis-associated genes. Given the dynamic nature of m...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95693-0_5
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aldehydes are secondary breakdown products of unsaturated lipids. In particular, polyunsaturated lipid fatty acids of the omega-6 and omega-3 families are highly susceptible to oxidation. Using static headspace analysis, the specific aldehyde markers were studied. While linoleic, gamma-linolenic and arachidonic acids ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1247-9_9
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Carefully tailored urinary diversion offers an excellent alternative in the spinal cord injured patient with chronic urine leakage and pressure sores following sphincterotomy. ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-8889-8_55
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Substantial evidence has surfaced on the hormone-like effects of many xenobiotics in fish, wildlife and humans (Colborn et al., 1993). The endocrine and reproductive effects of xenobiotics are believed to be due to their 1) mimicking the effects of endogenous hormones such as estrogens and androgens, 2) antagonizing t...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0089-0_3
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To evaluate interrelationships among the oxygenation, the energy status, and the development of necrosis in tumor microregions, oxygen tensions were measured with microelectrodes, and ATP distributions were determined with a quantitative imaging technique using multicellular spheroids as in vitro tumor models. The res...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-8181-5_102
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunological effector cells and molecules have been shown to access intracranial tumor sites despite the existence of blood brain barrier (BBB) or immunosuppressive mechanisms associated with brain tumors. Recent progress in T-cell biology and tumor immunology made possible to develop strategies of tumor-associated a...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3146-6_16
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Network-based approach for psychological phenotypes assumes the dynamical interactions among the psychiatric symptoms, psychological characteristics, and neurocognitive performances arise, as they coexist, propagate, and inhibit other components within the network of mental phenomena. For differential types of dataset...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-981-32-9705-0_2
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Within the cochlea, broadband sounds like speech and music are filtered into a series of narrowband signals, each of which can be considered as a relatively slowly varying envelope (ENV) imposed on a rapidly oscillating carrier (the temporal fine structure, TFS). Information about ENV and TFS is conveyed in the timing...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-25474-6_1
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are constantly exposed to hemodynamic forces in vivo, including flow shear stress and cyclic stretch caused by the blood flow. Numerous researches revealed that during various cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and vein graft,...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-96445-4_4
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The first decade of the twenty-first century witnessed the presence and light microscopic, immunophenotypic, and ultrastructural characterization of interstitial Cajal-like cells (coined as 'telocytes') in virtually every extragastrointestinal site of the human body by Laurentiu M. Popescu and his co-workers. Not surp...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-981-10-1061-3_14
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here, we have demonstrated potent inhibition of allergen-mediated pulmonary inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness by a novel dual-pronged action of LX's. Moreover, these results indicate that LX's play pivotal and previously unappreciated roles in regulating allergy and pulmonary inflammation. ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-9194-2_5
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteinase inhibitor proteins in the families Solanaceae, Leguminosae and Graminae are stored in seeds and tubers and are also found to accumulate in leaves in response to pest attacks. The isolation of the proteinase Inhibitor I cDNA and its gene from tomato has provided information concerning proteinase inhibitor sy...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0022-0_17
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Even though it has been studied for many years, water-related infectious risk still exists in both care and community environments due to the possible presence of numerous microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and protists. People can be exposed directly to these microorganisms either through aerosols and water, afte...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/5584_2016_8
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proteomics is a mass spectrometry-based discipline that aims to analyze proteomes and their functions. Many proteomic studies require well-developed protein databases for reference. However, most proteomes are not well-annotated, aside from model organisms. Techniques like six-frame translation, ab initio gene predict...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_22
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study we investigated the influence of intron I of the rat renin gene on the transcriptional activity of its promoter in cell culture. The presence of intron I abolished the transcription of reporter genes (luciferase and lacZ) in the non-renin-expressing human embryonic kidney cell line 293, while it d...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0952-7_18
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of fibrin in the generation of new blood vessels was examined in this study. Using a wound chamber model, we investigated the sequential interactions between endothelial cells and the extracellular matrix during angiogenesis. Silicone tubes 5 mm long and 1.4 mm in internal diameter were sutured to the cut end...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3806-6_34
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our studies highlight the importance of dietary vitamin A (retinol) and other retinoids in maintaining normal cervical cell function and in inhibiting the growth of cervical tumors. Based on our results we conclude that 1) HPV 16-immortalization enhances cervical cell sensitivity to retinoids, 2) cytokeratin expressio...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diabetes is the leading cause of microalbuminuria and end-stage renal failure in industrial countries. Disruption of the filtration barrier, seen in almost all nephrotic diseases and diabetes, is the result of the loss or effacement of the podocyte foot process, notably damage of proteins within the slit diaphragm suc...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/5584_2017_62
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Decellularized organs and tissues are effectively utilized in a diversity of regenerative medicine purposes, and the decellularization approaches employed differ as broadly as the tissues/organs of concern. Biological scaffold substances formed by extracellular matrix (ECM) are mostly produced with methods that includ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/5584_2019_338
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Labetalol is a drug used in the treatment of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP). In a previous study we investigated the influence of the maternal use of labetalol on the cerebral autoregulation (CA) mechanism of neonates. In that study, we found that labetalol induces impaired CA during the first day of life, ...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0620-8_23
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Honokiol (C18H18O2) is a biphenolic natural product isolated from the bark and leaves of Magnolia plant spp. During the last decade or more, honokiol has been extensively studied for its beneficial effect against several diseases. Investigations have demonstrated that honokiol possesses anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflamm...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-41334-1_11
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dipeptidyl peptidase IV is an activation marker on T, B and NK cells. Specific inhibitors of DP IV suppress DNA synthesis, as well as cytokine protein production. Here, we describe for the first time the quantitative changes of mRNA expression of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-12 and DP IV after inhibition of DP IV. Due to t...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/0-306-46826-3_15
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The endogenous RNA interference (RNAi) pathway regulates cellular differentiation and development using small noncoding hairpin RNAs, called microRNAs. This chapter will review the link between mammalian microRNAs and genes involved in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Some microRNAs act as oncog...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6554-5_14
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::These studies show that at least some--though certainly not all--of the adjuvant effects of LPS and its derivatives can be attributed to its ability to eliminate the inhibitory effects of Ts which are activated during the course of a normal immune response. The ability of nontoxic MPL to act in this fashion suggests t...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3434-1_4
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) studies demonstrated that physical exercise enhances working memory (WM) performance and prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity during WM tasks in normal adults. Interestingly, the effects of rehabilitation (i.e. physiotherapy) on post-stroke patients could be enhanced by motor image...
journal_title:Advances in experimental medicine and biology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55231-6_31
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00