Abstract：
:In Western culture, the ethical principles of respect for persons can be further divided into 2 categories - a) autonomy and b) protection of the vulnerable; beneficence; and justice. The principles of ethics can be directed towards 2 levels: microethics - concerned with the individual and macroethics - concerned with the greater community. In the case of obstetrical procedures such as in vitro fertilization, prenatal diagnosis, and fetal sex selection, the principles of microethics and macroethics conflict. The exact number and/or kind of babies may benefit the parents by they may not benefit a society that is expected to accommodate these new members. This aspect can also be addressed when dealing with abortion. Support for and against has led to a questioning and reexamining of present abortion laws; the aim is to either restrict abortion or reduce the abortion time limit from 28 to 24 weeks. Policies of the United States have an effect on other policies, worldwide. Abortions are needed as a form of birth control in developing countries; 500,000 women/year die from birthing complications and 100,000 die from complications of illegal abortions. There has also been some questioning of in vitro fertilization. Why fertilize a certain number of eggs which may never be allowed to grow and mature? There has also been some questioning of whether or not an embryo in vitro fertilization is a person or not. Deciding the status of the embryo has opened up research possibilities in the United State and the United Kingdom. Discussion on in vitro fertilization has opened up discussion on surrogacy. There seems to be more support for surrogacy in the United States than in the United Kingdom - where there is a restrictive ban on commercial surrogacy.
journal_name
Am J Obstet Gynecoljournal_title
American journal of obstetrics and gynecologyauthors
Macnaughton Mdoi
10.1016/0002-9378(90)91287-msubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-04-01 00:00:00pages
879-82issue
4eissn
0002-9378issn
1097-6868pii
0002-9378(90)91287-Mjournal_volume
162pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVE:Our purpose was to compare the incidence and interrelationships of uteroplacental vasculopathy and chronic inflammatory and placental vasoocclusive lesions in preeclampsia and spontaneous delivery before 32 weeks' gestation. STUDY DESIGN:Review of singleton live-born nonanomalous infants born at 22 to 32 wee...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(95)91333-5
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:We investigated whether maternal plasma levels of the placental hormone corticotropin-releasing hormone are elevated in pregnancies complicated by preterm labor. STUDY DESIGN:Mean maternal corticotropin-releasing hormone levels were studied in women who met specific criteria for preterm labor and in women w...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9378(11)90606-1
更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Supreme IUD has given 100% excellent results with 1000 insertions during 1 year with a complication rate of 1/1000. It is suggested that these results are due to the side rims of the IUD lying 1-3 mm from the uterine side wall, completely covering the upper 50-75% of the uterine side walls. ...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(73)90929-0
更新日期：1973-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of fasting on maternal glucose metabolism were investigated in nonpregnant and 29-day pregnant conscious rabbits. Pregnancy decreased the glucose metabolic index by 60% in maternal red postural muscles. Fasting induced similar modifications in nonpregnant rabbits and exaggerated the changes observed in fed...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(88)90257-8
更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Our purpose was to determine what factors occurring after digital separation of the chorionic membranes from the lower uterine segment (membrane stripping) are involved in observed clinical changes compared with patients not so treated. STUDY DESIGN:Thirty patients were randomly divided among a study populat...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(93)90134-5
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite intense study preeclampsia remains enigmatic and a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Most investigative efforts have focused on the hypertensive component of this disorder with reduced attention given to other equally important characteristics. Increased sensitivity to pressor agents a...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(89)90665-0
更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Medical school graduates should be able to enter information from patient encounters and to write orders and prescriptions in the electronic health record. Studies have shown that, although students often can access electronic health records, some students may receive inadequate preparation for these skills....
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2020.02.004
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There is a robust association between altered angiogenic factor concentrations, which includes placental growth factor and clinically recognized preeclampsia. Alterations in concentrations of angiogenic factors precede the clinical onset of preeclampsia by several weeks. The temporal relationship between the...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2019.09.003
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to determine whether indomethacin is associated with an increased incidence of constriction of the human fetal ductus arteriosus with advancing gestational age. STUDY DESIGN:A retrospective analysis of fetal echocardiograms performed in 44 patients with premature labor or hydr...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9378(11)90763-7
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to provide a viable alternative to routine postpartum hematocrit measurement, by a determination of the clinical risk factors that identify patients with anemia and an examination of the resulting cost savings. STUDY DESIGN:In this retrospective review, cases (postpartum hematoc...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1067/mob.2002.121255
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to determine whether pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor is a secreted cytokine in the human amnion and to study its chemotaxic and antiapoptotic properties. STUDY DESIGN:Pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor secretion was studied from amniotic epithelial-like WISH cells and primary...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2004.11.003
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antimicrobial overutilization accelerates the development of bacterial resistance. A prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial of vaginal hysterectomy prophylaxis was designed to compare the efficacy, safety, and costs of cefazolin with those of cefoxitin and cefotaxime. Sixteen women (7.5%) developed febrile mo...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(87)90144-x
更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Following infusion of parathyroid extract (PTE), parathyroid hormone (PTH) did not cross the placenta from the monkey mother to her fetus. Although maternal PTH levels increased four- to 12-fold, fetal PTH levels remained at the base line at all times tested. To determine if PTH crossed the placenta from fetus to moth...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(77)90593-2
更新日期：1977-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Our purpose was to evaluate which factors regulate insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 concentrations in preterm fetuses. STUDY DESIGN:We studied 76 singleton births between 25 and 36 weeks of gestation. Forty-nine pregnancies were complicated by hypertensive disease...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1067/mob.2003.26
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A randomized, comparative study of two low-dose oral contraceptives was carried out in 60 nonpregnant women for 12 cycles. Twenty-eight women took a preparation containing 150 micrograms of desogestrel and 30 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol; 32 took 75 micrograms of gestodene and 30 micrograms of ethinyl estradiol. Ba...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(90)91357-i
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Vaginal breech delivery rates have been accepted widely to be in decline and the Term Breech Trial (TBT) has recommended delivery of a breech-presenting infant by elective cesarean section delivery. Our aim was to examine the rate of vaginal delivery of term breech pregnancies in the 8 years before and after ...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2012.03.029
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to compare longitudinally sampled maternal angiogenic proteins between singleton and twin pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN:Placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble feline McDonough sarcoma (fms)-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt)-1, and soluble endoglin from healthy pregnant women were quantif...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2014.11.035
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Blood volume (BV), plasma volume (PV), red cell volume (RCV), cardiac output (CO), and organ blood flows were measured in nonpregnant (Group I), 10 to 19 days' pregnant (Group II), and 20 to 30 days' pregnant (Group III) rabbits. BV, PV, and RCV increased throughout pregnancy, with maximum increase during the second t...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9378(16)32982-9
更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The risk of infection from puerperal tubal ligation is studied 1, 2, 3, and 5 days postpartum. Aliquots of 52 oviduct homogenates and 26 endometrial saline aspirates were cultured in serum. PPLO, tryptic soy, and thioglycolate broth, and blood, PPLO, and chocolate agar. A Brown and Brenn Gram stain was run on ovidu...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9378(16)33944-8
更新日期：1970-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Abnormal uterine bleeding is often the presenting complaint in women with underlying coagulopathies. A clear understanding of the pathophysiology of common bleeding disorders will help the practicing obstetrician/gynecologist in the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. The normal hemostatic process can be divi...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0002-9378(96)80083-4
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown a decrease in cervical cancer associated with intrauterine device use. It has been hypothesized that intrauterine device use may alter the natural history of human papillomavirus infections, preempting development of precancerous lesions of the cervix and cervical cancer, but the ...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2016.11.1053
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clear cell carcinoma originating in the abdominal wall is rare and usually develops within endometriotic implants in the scar. We describe 2 patients: a 42 year old with a 15 cm mass on the abdominal wall treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and excision and a 51 year old with a 6 cm abdominal mass treated with excis...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2012.05.029
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purposes of this study were to assess the risk of malignant cell dissemination into the peritoneal cavity through the fallopian tubes in patients with endometrial carcinoma undergoing sonohysterography and to evaluate the accuracy of sonohysterography in the estimation of myometrial invasion by the tumor ...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ajog.2005.08.036
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:In a seroepidemiologic study the effects of pregnancy and other factors on humoral response to human papillomavirus type 16 infection were examined. STUDY DESIGN:Multiple serum samples were taken at 3-month intervals for 15 months from 77 pregnant and 85 nonpregnant women. Serologic response to human papillo...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9378(98)80026-4
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Our purpose was to study the effect of oophorectomy on the passive and active mechanical characteristics of rabbit small cerebral and small coronary arteries. STUDY DESIGN:Ring preparations of small cerebral and small coronary arteries from rabbits that had undergone oophorectomy and sham operation were moun...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9378(96)70040-6
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical research has shown that prostaglandins (PGs) play an important role in every phase of human reproduction. The logical consequence of early basic biological research into PGs is the current interest in clinical evaluation of PGs as agents to induce labor and abortion and to stimulate menstruation. This is a ...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(72)90467-x
更新日期：1972-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Our purpose was to compare midtrimester amniocentesis-related fetal loss rates between obstetrician-gynecologists and perinatologists. STUDY DESIGN:This cohort study analyzes 1384 midtrimester amniocenteses from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 1999. Obstetrician-gynecologists who split their practices betwe...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1067/mob.2001.115049
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Survival data on 36 patients with clear-cell adenocarcinomas are reported: seven with vaginal lesions and 29 with cervical lesions. Although the tumor responds to present treatment modalities, it tends to be associated with early lymph node involvement, thus making early diagnosis essential. Radiation as a primary the...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(76)90158-7
更新日期：1976-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most cerclage operations for cervical insufficiency are performed transvaginally. The transabdominal route is beneficial in treating patients with cervices that are either extremely short, congenitally deformed, deeply lacerated, or markedly scarred because of previously failed transvaginal cerclage procedures. The av...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0002-9378(91)91448-6
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During a 40 year period 374 patients with infiltrative carcinoma of the vulva were evaluated. Some form of radical surgery was the treatment chosen for 278 patients. The absolute 5 year survival rates for all clinical stages treated with some form of radical surgery was 66.8 per cent with a corrected rate of 73.9 per ...
journal_title：American journal of obstetrics and gynecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0002-9378(16)33392-0
更新日期：1976-04-15 00:00:00
