Abstract:
:We carried out a systematic review of HPV vaccine pre- and post-licensure trials to assess the evidence of their effectiveness and safety. We find that HPV vaccine clinical trials design, and data interpretation of both efficacy and safety outcomes, were largely inadequate. Additionally, we note evidence of selective reporting of results from clinical trials (i.e., exclusion of vaccine efficacy figures related to study subgroups in which efficacy might be lower or even negative from peer-reviewed publications). Given this, the widespread optimism regarding HPV vaccines long-term benefits appears to rest on a number of unproven assumptions (or such which are at odd with factual evidence) and significant misinterpretation of available data. For example, the claim that HPV vaccination will result in approximately 70% reduction of cervical cancers is made despite the fact that the clinical trials data have not demonstrated to date that the vaccines have actually prevented a single case of cervical cancer (let alone cervical cancer death), nor that the current overly optimistic surrogate marker-based extrapolations are justified. Likewise, the notion that HPV vaccines have an impressive safety profile is only supported by highly flawed design of safety trials and is contrary to accumulating evidence from vaccine safety surveillance databases and case reports which continue to link HPV vaccination to serious adverse outcomes (including death and permanent disabilities). We thus conclude that further reduction of cervical cancers might be best achieved by optimizing cervical screening (which carries no such risks) and targeting other factors of the disease rather than by the reliance on vaccines with questionable efficacy and safety profiles.
journal_name
Curr Pharm Desjournal_title
Current pharmaceutical designauthors
Tomljenovic L,Spinosa JP,Shaw CAsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-01-01 00:00:00pages
1466-87issue
8eissn
1381-6128issn
1873-4286pii
CPD-EPUB-20120924-13journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::In the third millennium preventive medicine is becoming a corner stone in our concept of health. Colorectal cancer (CRC) fits the criteria of a disease suitable for prevention interventions. It is a prevalent disease that is associated with considerable mortality and morbidity rates, with more than 1,000,000 new cases...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161207781368783
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activities of individual cells must be tightly coordinated in order to build and maintain complex 3- dimensional body structures during embryogenesis and regeneration. Thus, one way to view cancer is within systems biology as a network disorder affecting the ability of cells to properly interact with a morphodynam...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612823666170530105837
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is characterized by vessel alterations such as dilatation of postcapillary venules and arterio-venous communications, which account for the major clinical manifestations of the disease. Two types of HHT have been characterized HHT-1 and HHT-2, respectively, depending the for...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161206776361228
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a valuable intracardiac device--based treatment option for a subgroup of patients with advanced heart failure (HF) and QRS prolongation. However, still a significant proportion of patients do not benefit from CRT implantation, labeled as non-responders. OBJECTIVES:...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1381612825666190621155718
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Endothelial dysfunction is commonly present in estrogen-deficient states, e.g., after menopause. In the search for alternatives to hormone replacement therapy (HRT), treatments based on phytoestrogens or in non-hormonal mechanisms have been under evaluation. OBJECTIVE:Here we aim to present an overview of i...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1381612826666200331084338
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) represent a serious problem in a number of countries around the world and especially in Africa and South America, affecting mostly the poor population which has limited access to the healthcare system. The drugs currently used for the treatment of NTDs are dated many decade...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1381612826666201210115340
更新日期:2020-12-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Glioma is the most common human central nervous system tumour with a high degree of malignancy. Some Rab GTPases have significant effects on glioma. OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to investigate the effect of Rab3b (Rab GTPase3b) on human glioma cell proliferation and apoptosis by silencing Rab3b and to initial...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1381612826666200917145228
更新日期:2020-09-17 00:00:00
abstract::The serotonergic system is involved in pathomechanisms of both epilepsy and neuropathic pain. So far, participation in the epileptogenesis and maintenance of epilepsy was proved for 5-HT1A, 5-HT2C, 5-HT3, 5-HT4 and 5-HT7 receptors as well as 5-HTT serotonin transporter. Depending on the receptor type or its localizati...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612821666141121114917
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite the introduction of new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), the quality of life and therapeutic response for patients with epilepsy remain unsatisfactory. In addition, whilst several antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been approved and consequently marketed in recent years, little is known about their long-term...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612823666170809115429
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hyperglycemia is a common feature of the critically ill in general and of patients with sepsis in particular. Even a moderate degree of hyperglycemia appears detrimental for the outcome of critically ill patients, since maintenance of normoglycemia (blood glucose levels journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design pub_type: 杂志文章,评审 doi:10.2174/138161208784980563 更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. This is primarily driven by the global epidemic of obesity and diabetes as well as the aging of the general population. Most of the epidemiology data of NAFLD for North America are published from stud...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612826666200303114934
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The HERC family contains six members from HERC1 to HERC6 that are featured with the HECT domains that exerts ubiquitin ligase activity and the RCC1-like domains that are involved in cell cycle regulation. Although identified as early as 1990s, their biological functions are extensively studied in recent year...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612824666180528081024
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pulmonary diseases are the third leading cause of morbidity worldwide, however treatment and diagnosis of these diseases continue to be challenging due to the complex anatomical structure as well as physiological processes in the lungs. METHODS:3D printing is progressively finding new avenues in the medical...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612825666181206123414
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::P2Y12 adenosine di-phosphate (ADP) receptor antagonists are critical to reduce thrombotic recurrences in acute coronary syndromes patients and for those undergoing percutaneous coronary revascularization. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the level of on-treatment platelet reactivity inhibition with P2Y12 ADP re...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161212803251934
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tumor cell growth inhibitory activities (log 1/GI(50)) of 166 anticancer agents studied at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in vitro anticancer screening program have allowed us to analyze the relative importance of physicochemical parameters in influencing the inhibitory activities. Increased molecular weight,...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1381612043384925
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Enhancing a compound's biological activity is the central task for lead optimization in small molecules drug discovery. However, it is laborious to perform many iterative rounds of compound synthesis and bioactivity tests. To address the issue, it is highly demanding to develop high quality in silico bioacti...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1381612826666200427111309
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cancer and its treatment therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, have negative effects on taste and smell functions. It is easy to explain smell and taste dysfunctions when a cancer involves the peripheric end organs or neurologic pathways of smell and taste. However, it is difficult to understand ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612822666160216150956
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder that affects the elderly. The increase of life-expectancy is transforming AD into a major health-care problem. AD is characterized by a progressive impairment of memory and other cognitive skills leading to dementia. The major pathogenic factor ass...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161210793176572
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained rhythm disturbance, increasing prevalence with age, in particular in patients with cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, a subset of patients with AF being <60 years old and no evidence of underlying cardiovascular disease, and laboratory tests including thyro...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612820666140825142206
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Approximately 10-15% of patients on DOACs have to interrupt their anticoagulant before an invasive procedure every year. The perioperative management and monitoring of DOACs have proved to be challenging, as differences in patients' status and in the invasiveness of each procedure develop different situation...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612825666181226154746
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::After years of pre-clinical and clinical testing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) finally offer new therapeutic choices for patients with haematological and solid malignancies both as unconjugated antibody and as vectors to target radionuclides in radioimmunotherapy (RIT). In recent years some of the most exciting clinica...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612003399257
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the last decade, the development of anti-inflammatory strategies emerged as new trend in cardiovascular (CV) pharmacotherapy. Anti-inflammatory properties have been previously identified in different classes of drugs used in primary CV prevention. However, the extent to which the modification of inflammat...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612822666160822124546
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV infection remains incurable although several anti-HIV drugs have been identified and developed. Among these the nucleoside analogues were and remain in the forefront of anti-HIV chemotherapeutic regimens. Most of these nucleoside analogues are modified mainly in the sugar moiety. In general, they lack a free hydro...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612024607171
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review will focus on the construction, refinement, and validation of G Protein-coupled receptor models for the purpose of structure-based virtual screening. Practical tips and tricks derived from concrete modeling and virtual screening exercises to overcome the problems and pitfalls associated with the different ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161209789824786
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately half of patients with schizophrenia have a lifetime diagnosis of substance abuse disorders. These dual diagnosis patients are more likely to have poorer outcomes, including more severe psychiatric symptoms with increased hospitalizations, higher utilization of services and frequent homelessness. Assessme...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612043384114
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory vascular disease that is characterized by progressive accumulation of cholesterol in the arterial walls and it is a major cause of cardiovascular disease. Issues related to the side effects of synthetic drugs have in recent times, led to the misuse of drugs, a lack of patient consult...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612824666180911121525
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of monogenic hereditary cognitive impairment, including intellectual disability, autism, hyperactivity, and epilepsy. METHODS:This article reviews the literature pertaining to the role of synaptic dysfunction in FXS. RESULTS:In FXS, synaptic dysfunction alte...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612825666191102165206
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The essential nature of rapid radiotracer synthesis very early in drug discovery programs has driven the need for better and more varied tritium incorporation methods. This review presents a summary of recent advances for tritium introduction via tritiated water, tritium gas, complex tritides, and a range of recently ...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612003399969
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immune activation not only accompanies inflammation in various disorders including infections, autoimmune syndromes and cancer, but it also represents a characteristic feature of ageing. Immune deviations which are most widely expressed in the elderly include increased neopterin production and tryptophan breakdown. Th...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1381612820666140317110217
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::G-quadruplexes have found increasing potential in applications such as molecular therapeutics, diagnostics, and sensing. As a consequence, small molecules capable of selectively detecting G-quadruplexes have received significant attention in recent literature. Our review here addresses representative advances in the d...
journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/138161212799958314
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00