Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Endothelial dysfunction is commonly present in estrogen-deficient states, e.g., after menopause. In the search for alternatives to hormone replacement therapy (HRT), treatments based on phytoestrogens or in non-hormonal mechanisms have been under evaluation. OBJECTIVE:Here we aim to present an overview of innovative potential treatments for endothelial dysfunction in estrogen-deficient states, introducing our own preliminary data about the probiotic kefir. METHODS:We conducted a review based on a PubMed database search for keywords of interest (Menopause, Ovariectomy, Vascular dysfunction, Hot flashes, Metformin, Statins, Phytoestrogens, Omega-3, Vitamin D, Probiotics). RESULTS:Vascular parameters were found to be improved by both metformin and statins through pleiotropic effects, being related to a decrease in oxidative stress and restoration of the nitric oxide pathway. Phytoestrogens such as genistein and resveratrol have also been shown to improve vascular dysfunction, which seems to involve their estrogenic-like actions. Omega-3, vitamin D and its analogues, as well as probiotics, have shown similar vascular beneficial effects in both postmenopausal women and an animal model of ovariectomy (OVX), which could be related to antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, our preliminary data on the probiotic kefir treatment in OVX rats suggested a vascular antioxidant effect. In particular, some evidence points to statins and vitamin D having anti-atherogenic effects. CONCLUSION:Pleiotropic effects of common medications and natural compounds could have therapeutic potential for endothelial dysfunction in estrogen-deficient states. They could, therefore, work as future complementary or alternative treatments to HRT.
journal_name
Curr Pharm Desjournal_title
Current pharmaceutical designauthors
Oliveira PWC,Couto MR,de Sousa GJ,Peixoto P,Moraes FSA,de Andrade TU,Bissoli NSdoi
10.2174/1381612826666200331084338subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-01-01 00:00:00pages
3711-3722issue
30eissn
1381-6128issn
1873-4286pii
CPD-EPUB-105549journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects about 20%-30% of the general population, and its clinical relevance arises from the fact that 20%-30% of these subjects develop non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a condition at risk of cirrhosis progression. In addition NAFLD, and in particular NASH patients, are al...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:New biopharmaceutical molecules, potentially able to provide more personalized and effective treatments, are being identified through the advent of advanced synthetic biology strategies, sophisticated chemical synthesis approaches, and new analytical methods to assess biological potency. However, translation of many o...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2174/1381612822666151216151420
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease worldwide directly related to the progressive increase in overweight and obesity. The accumulation of lipids in patients with NAFLD contributes to the development of insulin resistance, inflammatory response a...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2174/1381612826666200417165801
更新日期：2020-04-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Nanoparticles have gained ground in several fields. However, it is important to consider their potentially hazardous effects on humans, flora, and fauna. Human exposure to nanomaterials can occur unintentionally in daily life or in industrial settings, and the continuous exposure of the biological components (cells, r...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2174/1381612825666190926161209
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cardinal features of tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability. In addition to the motor symptoms patients experience cognitive decline eventually resulting in severe disability. Pathologically PD is characterized by neurode...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2174/1381612043453162
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Ultrasound contrast agents involving a therapeutic drug applied during enhanced imaging can be used for targeted therapy. The preparation of contrast agents is a precondition and basis for the use of multifunctional contrast agents in molecular imaging. METHODS:This study uses thin-film hydration-mechanical vi...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2174/1381612824666181011120031
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MNPs find numerous important biomedical applications owing to their high biocompatibility and unique magnetic properties at the bottom level. Among several other biomedical applications, MNPs are gaining importance in treating various kinds of cancer either as a hyperthermia agent alone or as a drug/gene carrier for s...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2174/1389203720666190521114936
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although escape from tumor dormancy has long been recognized as an important problem in the treatment of cancer, the molecular and cellular regulators underlying this transition remain poorly understood. The inability of the cancer cells to induce a complete and successful process of angiogenesis can result in tumor d...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2174/1381612819666131125153536
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since identifying a transmissible agent responsible for tumorigenesis in chickens, the v-Src oncogene, significant progress has been made in determining the functions of its cellular homologue. c-Src is the product of the SRC gene and has been found both over-expressed and highly activated in a number of human cancers...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2174/1381612053507576
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inflammatory and infectious diseases include many different clinical conditions not often well recognised and characterized with conventional radiology and biochemical tests. Radiological techniques (TC, MRI, US) show anatomical changes that usually occur in chronic stages of the disease leading to a delayed diagnosis...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2174/13816128113196660666
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mast cells, traditionally regarded as effector cells of the immune system, have more recently been demonstrated to be key figures in initiating, developing and sustaining complex pathophysiological processes underlying asthma and other allergic diseases. Asthma is characterised by airway inflammation alongside a distu...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2174/138161211795428975
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent causes of hepatic dysfunction and is highly correlated with components of the metabolic syndrome such as obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Among others, nutritional factors, physical inactivity, genetic variants and visceral obesity h...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2174/138161210791208938
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitric oxide is a ubiquitous molecule involved in a variety of biological processes. The specific action of NO depends on its enzymatic sources namely neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) and all three isoforms have been localized in the gastrointestinal tract. Constit...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2174/1381612013398491
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lou Gehrig's disease, a synonym of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, is an adult-onset lethal neurodegenerative disorder. Irrespective of extensive efforts to elucidate the pathogenesis of the disease and searches for therapies, no favorable pharmacotherapeutic strategies have yet to be proposed. In a popular rodent mode...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2174/1381612823666170622105513
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A large body of evidence on brain development and ageing has revealed that inflammatory processes profoundly affect brain functions during life span of mammalians, including humans. Activation of innate immune mechanisms leading to pro-inflammatory cytokine up-regulation is involved in devastating and disabling human ...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2174/138161210794519147
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent advances in DNA sequencing has made it possible to accurately decipher the entire genetic complement of a probiotic bacterium. Increases in sequencing capabilities have been enhanced through improved computer software that can annotate, or identify, the majority of genes encoded by the sequence. The availabilit...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2174/1381612053382377
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schizophrenia is characterised by positive, negative, cognitive, depressive and anxiety symptoms. Over the last decades a number of novel treatment strategies with better clinical efficacy and scope, but with lower side-effect profiles have been developed. These have significantly improved the management and prognosis...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2174/1381612821666150605105215
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alcohol dependence is a major disease burden of adults in modern society worldwide. There is no cure for alcohol dependence. In this study, we have examined the molecular targets of ethanol-induced toxicity in humans based on a systematic review of literature data and then discussed current and potential therapeutic t...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2174/138161210791034030
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2) is a ubiquitous enzyme whose major role is to hydrolyze the important second messengers cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). In the central nervous system, pharmacological inhibition of PDE2 results in boosted cAMP and/or cGMP signaling, which is r...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2174/1381612820666140826115245
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study is to answer the following question: What are the typical features of abnormal bodily experiences (ABEs) in persons affected by acute first-episode schizophrenia? Our overall objective is to contribute to enhance early diagnosis of schizophrenia, and providing supplementary diagnostic criteri...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2174/138161212799316181
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since antibiotics use is currently limited due to undesired side effects and the increasing antibiotic resistance of various bacteria strains, there is a pressing need to develop new strategies and methods preventing epidemic outbreaks. The virulent potency of bacteria relies on a number of different extracellularly s...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2174/1381612825666181219163922
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation is well recognized as a potentially effective mechanism for controlling glycemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). However, a direct targeting of inhibition of the intramitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway or an indirect modulation of fatty acid oxidation by inhibit...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was designed to evaluate the distribution of Tregs/Th17/Th1 cells in type 2 diabetic patients with foot disease before and after human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell (hUCB-MSCs) transplantation. Fifteen diabetic patients with foot disease under insulin therapy received hUCB-MSC transplantation. ...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2174/13816128113199990326
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The prevalence of adrenal hyperandrogenism (AH), as defined by increased circulating dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS) levels, ranges from 15 to 45% in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). METHODS:The aim of this review is to update the pathogenesis and consequences of AH in PCOS, from molecula...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2174/1381612822666160720150625
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The activation of Corticotrophin Releasing-Factor (CRF) receptors in the brain is well established to coordinate the endocrine, behavioral, autonomic and visceral responses to stress. In addition, CRF receptors are also expressed within the gut where they exert biological actions and play a role in modulating stress-r...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2174/1381612823666170228142428
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), hypertension is common. The type of ACS and severity of hypertension would determine the treatment algorithm. In ST elevation myocardial infarction (MI), time to reperfusion is essential whereas in malignant hypertension the reduction of blood pressure to prevent end or...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2174/138161207781663046
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The heart is a sophisticated endocrine gland synthesizing a family of peptide hormones by three different genes. These cardiac hormones are stored as 3 prohormones, i.e. atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) prohormones. Within the ANP prohormones are 4 ...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2174/138161210790963887
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fever of Unknown Origin, or FUO, is a challenging condition for patients and clinicians. In up to 50% of cases, no diagnosis is established. Patient workup begins with comprehensive history, physical examination and laboratory tests. Radionuclide imaging has been a second-line procedure. Gallium-67 citrate, which accu...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2174/1381612824666171129194507
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the classical renin angiotensin system (RAS), angiotensin II Ang IIplays many important roles in cardiovascular disease and in kidney, brain, and other organs via the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1). The RAS consists of many angiotensin peptides, including Ang (1-7), Ang (1-9), Ang (2-8), and Ang IV. Ang (1-7), produc...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2174/1381612811319170013
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Electropulsation (electroporation) is a physical method for delivery of various molecules into the cells in vitro and in vivo. It is an expanding field due to its applicability in cancer therapy, where combined application of electric pulses and chemotherapeutic drugs is used for treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneou...
journal_title：Current pharmaceutical design
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2174/138161206778559740
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
