Abstract:
PREMISE OF THE STUDY:In angiosperm seeds, the developing embryo acquires nutrients via a suspensor that typically undergoes programmed cell death (PCD) at the early cotyledon stage. However, in Leguminosae (the third largest angiosperm family), the suspensors can disappear at the heart-shaped stage (i.e., prior to the cotyledon stage) or still persist at the cotyledon stage. Here, in a comprehensive survey of legume suspensors and embryos, the variation and the evolutionary direction of timing of suspensor PCD in Leguminosae were characterized, and systematic implications were evaluated. METHODS:Suspensor development and morphology for 66 leguminous species from 49 genera, 21 tribes, and 3 subfamilies were comparatively studied using standard paraffin sectioning and light microscopy. KEY RESULTS:Three patterns of suspensor PCD were observed at the early cotyledon stage. (A) The suspensor persisted. (B) The suspensor separated from the wall of the embryo sac and persisted as a vestige at the radicle apex. (C) The suspensor disappeared completely, and the absorption of nutrients by embryo was carried out via a "contact zone" between the embryo and the endosperm. Pattern C of early suspensor PCD was found only in the tribe Fabeae. An ancestral character reconstruction revealed that the long-lived suspensors of pattern A represented a plesiomorphic condition in Leguminosae and that the suspensors of pattern C evolved only once in the common ancestor of Fabeae. CONCLUSIONS:In Leguminosae, short-lived suspensors have thus evolved multiple times from long-lived suspensors. It remains largely unknown, however, how the embryo acquires nutrients after the early suspensor PCD.
journal_name
Am J Botjournal_title
American journal of botanyauthors
Endo Ydoi
10.3732/ajb.1100314subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-08-01 00:00:00pages
1399-407issue
8eissn
0002-9122issn
1537-2197pii
ajb.1100314journal_volume
99pub_type
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更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
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