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Screening for cognitive impairment: comparing the performance of four instruments in primary care.

Abstract：

OBJECTIVES:To determine whether brief cognitive screening tests perform as well as a longer screening test in diagnosis of cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) or dementia. DESIGN:A cross-sectional comparison of cognitive screening tests to an independent criterion standard evaluation using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria. Performance of the cognitive screening tests for identifying dementia, and separately for identifying dementia or CIND, was characterized using sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratios. SETTING:Three Department of Veterans Affairs primary care clinics. PARTICIPANTS:Of 826 independently living veterans aged 65 and older without a prior diagnosis of dementia, 639 participated and 630 were assigned a research diagnosis. MEASUREMENTS:Screening tests included the modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS; average time to administer, 17 minutes) and three brief instruments: the Memory Impairment Screen (MIS; 4 minutes), the Mini-Cog (3 minutes), and a novel two-item functional memory screen (MF-2; 1.5 minutes). RESULTS:Participants were aged 74.8 on average and were mostly white or black. They were mostly male (92.9%) and had been prescribed a mean of 7.7 medications for chronic conditions. The prevalence of dementia and CIND was 3.3% and 39.2%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for dementia were 86% and 79% for the 3MS, 76% and 73% for the Mini-Cog, 43% and 93% for the MIS, and 38% and 87% for the MF-2, respectively. CONCLUSION:In individuals without a prior diagnosis of cognitive impairment, the prevalence of dementia was low, but the prevalence of CIND was high. The 3MS and Mini-Cog had reasonable performance characteristics for detecting dementia, but a definitive diagnosis requires additional evaluation.

journal_name

J Am Geriatr Soc

journal_title

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society

authors

Holsinger T,Plassman BL,Stechuchak KM,Burke JR,Coffman CJ,Williams JW Jr

doi

10.1111/j.1532-5415.2012.03967.x

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2012-06-01 00:00:00

pages

1027-36

issue

eissn

0002-8614

issn

1532-5415

journal_volume

pub_type

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Screening for cognitive impairment: comparing the performance of four instruments in primary care.